In order to solve the indoor attitude testing problem of the single theodolite, a target board engraved with different angled lines is placed at the focal plane of collimator to simulate the attitude of infinity target. The mathematic model of the relationship between point coordinate on each quadrant of the target board and total station test angle is established, and the test target board is designed. Moreover, the total station is used to sample and test the points of the lines on target board, and the tilt angle of line is calculated through the mathematical model. The experimental results show that the simulation error of angle between line 1# and line 2# is 0.160°, and the simulation error of angle between line 1# and line 3# is 0.046°, which can satisfy the requirement of the single station image with maximum axis slope extraction error of 0.6°.