From first fibers to mode-division multiplexing (Invited Paper)

Peter J. Winzer

doi:10.3788/COL201614.120002

Journals >Chinese Optics Letters >Volume 14 >Issue 12 >Page 120002 > Article

Chinese Optics Letters
Vol. 14, Issue 12, 120002 (2016)

From first fibers to mode-division multiplexing (Invited Paper)

Peter J. Winzer^*

Author Affiliations

Nokia Bell Labs, Holmdel, NJ 07733, USA

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DOI: 10.3788/COL201614.120002 Cite this Article Set citation alerts

Peter J. Winzer. From first fibers to mode-division multiplexing (Invited Paper)[J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 2016, 14(12): 120002 Copy Citation Text

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Fig. 1. Installed optical fiber worldwide (data: R. Mack, CRU International^[16]).

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Fig. 2. Shannon limit and record experimental SEs on available optical fibers.

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Fig. 3. Low-loss window of commercial optical transmission fiber across telecommunication bands. Also shown are Raman pumps amplifying the L-band, which share spectra with S-band signals.

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Fig. 4. Maximum possible transmission distance vs. allowed crosstalk per km of MCF for various modulation formats. Owing to the inherent reach reduction with increasing QAM order, a universal MCF crosstalk specification of around −55 dB/km emerges.

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System	Year	Repeater Dist. [km]	Equiv. Capacity [Gb/s]	Cable Diam. [cm]	Cable Weight [kg/m]
Coaxial cable (L-4)	1967	3	4.6 (per cable)	7.6	14
Coaxial cable (L-5)	1974	1.5	13.8 (per cable)	7.6	14
Microw. relay (TD-2, TH-1)	1969	40	1.9 (per link)	-	-
Multi-mode fiber (FT3)	1977	6.5	6.4 (per cable)	1.3	0.25
Single-mode fiber (FTG)	1986	23	3.4 (per fiber)	-	-
Coherent PDM-WDM (Nokia 1830 PSS-2S)	2016	100^a (3000^b)	$\sim 70, 000$ (per fiber)	-	-