Fig. 1. Principle of fpASM. (a) The scattering medium is approximated as a series of scattering planes and nonscattering free spaces. (b) The scattering plane can be discretized to many pixels with varying optical properties that change the amplitude, phase, and polarization of light. (c) Light propagates in free space from the previous scattering plane (source plane) to the next scattering plane (destination plane).

Fig. 2. Characterizing the relationship between the mean depolarization distance and parameter δdev. (a) Normalized intensity distributions of the scattered light at depths of 0.05 mm, 0.30 mm, and 0.60 mm, respectively. The white arrows indicate the polarization of light. (b) Is,H/Is,V as a function of depth. (c) Mean depolarization distance ldp as a function of the standard deviation δdev.

Fig. 3. Time-reversal data transmission. (a) The forward step. The size of the image is 1000  ×  1000. (b) The playback step. The three results were generated by the parallel polarization modulation (Parallel-p), orthogonal polarization modulation (Orthogonal-p), and full-polarization modulation (Full-p), respectively. We modulated only the phase of optical field. The number of modulation units applied on one polarized component was 106. (c) Fidelity as a function of the degree of depolarization. We used F=|SGT*Sobtained|2 to quantify the fidelity. SGT* is the conjugate transpose of the incident image and Sobtained is the image transmitted through the scattering medium.

Fig. 4. Anti-scattering light focusing. (a) Procedure of anti-scattering light focus. First, record the holograms of the scattered optical fields. Second, play back the conjugate optical fields. (b) Simulation of three different modulation methods. (c) Verification of depolarization property of the scattering medium (#34−473, Edmund Optics, Inc.). (d) Profiles of foci generated by the three different modulation methods. (e) PBR as a function of the degree of depolarization.