Based on the high-frequency emphasis filtering and adaptive histogram algorithm, the digital image enhancement technology is introduced into the X-ray images of the cultural relics with reference to the medical X-ray image processing method. After image enhancement, the edges and details of the X-ray image of an artifact are enhanced, the contrast is stretched, and the useful information is clear. The results show that the proposed method not only facilitates the image analysis, but also simplifies the entire inspection process.