Author Affiliations
1School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China2Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Technology for Imaging and Sensing, Tianjin 300072, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Structure of proposed network
Fig. 2. Improved U-Net structure
Fig. 3. Residual refine module of network structure. (a) General residual refine module; (b) improved residual refine module
Fig. 4. Training error and test accuracy of improved U-Net. (a) Liver tumor segmentation; (b) liver segmentation
Fig. 5. Segmentation results of liver images obtained by different networks
Fig. 6. Box plot of Dice coefficient of liver segmentation
Fig. 7. Segmentation results of liver tumor images obtained by different networks
Fig. 8. Box plot of Dice coefficient of liver tumor segmentation
Fig. 9. Segmentation results of big nodules
Fig. 10. Segmentation results of small nodules
Network | Dice coefficient | VOE /% | RVD /% | SEN | Jaccard coefficient |
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FCN-8s | 88.38 | 19.62 | -1.25 | 86.49 | 0.88 | UNet | 82.78 | 24.79 | -2.72 | 81.46 | 0.83 | H-DenseUNet[5] | 96.50 | 7.40 | 1.80 | | | 2D FCN[14] | 94.30 | 10.70 | -1.40 | | | BS UNet[15] | 96.10 | 7.50 | 2 | | | Proposed network | 96.26 | 7.90 | 0.80 | 95.96 | 0.92 |
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Table 1. Performance comparison of different networks for liver image segmentation
Network | Dice coefficient | VOE /% | RVD /% | SEN | Jaccard coefficient |
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FCN-8s | 75 .57 | 71.43 | -14.25 | 70.29 | 0.52 | U-Net | 72.23 | 67.62 | -18.72 | 66.87 | 0.40 | KC-SVM[16] | 84 | 28.22 | | | 0.73 | RA-UNet[17] | 83 | 30.61 | | | 0.74 | Edge-SVM[18] | 82 | 36.70 | | | 0.69 | Proposed network | 83.32 | 11.62 | -15.98 | 79.88 | 0.72 |
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Table 2. Performance comparison of different networks for liver tumor image segmentation
Network | Dice coefficient | SEN | Jaccard coefficient |
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FCN-8s | 73.32 | 79.83 | 0.64 | U-Net | 71.17 | 76.96 | 0.71 | CDP-ResNet+IWS[19] | 81.85 | 87.30 | | DB-ResNet[20] | 82.74 | 89.35 | | CF-CNN+Scale[21] | 78.55 | 86.01 | | Proposed network | 79.23 | 86.49 | 0.78 |
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Table 3. Performance comparison of different networks