To prevent potassium diformate (KDF) from decomposing too quickly in an acidic environment, adjust the acidity and alkalinity of the gastrointestinal tract of the piglets and the colony balance, and realize the targeted release of KDF antibacterial, in this study, a kind of hydrogel microspheres were prepared by biodegradable chitosan (CS), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and inorganic rigid material P-type molecular sieve (Zeolite P). Then the antibacterial drug potassium diformate was loaded so as to be controlled to release from this hydrogel microsphere. The results show that -NH₂ in CS and -COOH in CMC form a stable polyelectrolyte complex through ion interaction. Swelling rate test indicates that the CS/CMC/Zeolite P hydrogel microspheres display high pH-sensitivity. The addition of Zeolite P allows the hydrogel microspheres to maintain their original morphology at pH1.2 without being degraded or broken. The effective sustained-release KDF in pH7.4 phosphate buffer solution exhibits better sustained-release performance than that in pH1.2. When the concentration of CS/CMC/Zeolite P/KDF antimicrobial microspheres is 96 mg/mL, the maximum bacteriostatic rate of Escherichia coli is 83%, which effectively improves the utilization rate of KDF.