Quantum description and measurement for single photon modulation

Jianyong Hu; Yan Liu; Lingling Liu; Bo Yu; Guofeng Zhang; Liantuan Xiao; and Suotang Jia

doi:10.1364/PRJ.3.000024

Journals >Photonics Research >Volume 3 >Issue 1 >Page 24 > Article

Photonics Research
Vol. 3, Issue 1, 24 (2015)

Quantum description and measurement for single photon modulation

Jianyong Hu, Yan Liu, Lingling Liu, Bo Yu, Guofeng Zhang, Liantuan Xiao^*, and and Suotang Jia

Author Affiliations

State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China

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DOI: 10.1364/PRJ.3.000024 Cite this Article Set citation alerts

Jianyong Hu, Yan Liu, Lingling Liu, Bo Yu, Guofeng Zhang, Liantuan Xiao, and Suotang Jia. Quantum description and measurement for single photon modulation[J]. Photonics Research, 2015, 3(1): 24 Copy Citation Text

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Abstract

Single photon modulation has been proposed to overcome the defects of the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and slow process rate of photon counting. In this paper, we present the quantum theory of single photon modulation, and then experimentally investigate the modulation spectroscopy both in the time domain and frequency domain. It is found that the SNR reached 150 in approximately the MHz modulation bandwidth.

Keywords

modulation Avalanche photodiodes (APDs)Modulators Photon statistics Spectroscopy

a_{out} = \sqrt{T_{(t)}} \cdot a_{in} + \sqrt{1 - T_{(t)}} \cdot a_{u}, a_{s} = \sqrt{1 - T_{(t)}} \cdot a_{in} - \sqrt{T_{(t)}} \cdot a_{u} .

(1)

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{| α 〉}_{in} {| β 〉}_{u} = D_{in} (α) \cdot D_{u} (β) \cdot {| 0 〉}_{in} {| 0 〉}_{u} \to D_{out} [\sqrt{T_{(t)}} \cdot α + \sqrt{1 - T_{(t)}} \cdot β] \cdot D_{s} [\sqrt{1 - T_{(t)}} \cdot α - \sqrt{T_{(t)}} \cdot β] \cdot {| 0 〉}_{out} {| 0 〉}_{s} = {| \sqrt{T_{(t)}} \cdot α + \sqrt{1 - T_{(t)}} \cdot β 〉}_{out} \cdot {| \sqrt{1 - T_{(t)}} \cdot α - \sqrt{T_{(t)}} \cdot β 〉}_{s},

(2)

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D (α) = \exp (α \cdot a^{+} - α^{*} \cdot a),

(3a)

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| α 〉 = D (α) \cdot | 0 〉 .

(3b)

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{〈 n 〉}_{out} = 〈 \sqrt{T_{(t)}} \cdot α^{*} + \sqrt{1 - T_{(t)}} \cdot β^{*} | \sqrt{T_{(t)}} \cdot α + \sqrt{1 - T_{(t)}} \cdot β 〉 = T_{(t)} \cdot α^{*} α + (1 - T_{(t)}) \cdot β^{*} β .

(4)

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{〈 n 〉}_{out} = T_{(f_{(t)})} \cdot α^{*} α .

(5)

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SNR = \sqrt{\frac{10^{s / 10}}{10^{n / 10}}},

(6)

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Jianyong Hu, Yan Liu, Lingling Liu, Bo Yu, Guofeng Zhang, Liantuan Xiao, and Suotang Jia. Quantum description and measurement for single photon modulation[J]. Photonics Research, 2015, 3(1): 24

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