Fig. 1. Spectral range of typical spectral payloads in major international lunar and Mars exploration missions in recent years

Fig. 2. Series of CLEP and infrared spectral payloads：（a）the schematic diagram of CE-1，（b）photo of IIM，（c）CE-3 Yutu rover on lunar surface，（d）photo of VNIS @ CE-3，（e）CE-4 Yutu-2 rover on lunar surface，（f）photo of VNIS @ CE-4，（g）the schematic diagram of CE-5 lander ascender combination（LAC），（h）photo of LMS

Fig. 3. Tianwen-1 and its spectral detection payloads：（a）the schematic diagram of Tianwen-1 orbiter，（b）MMS，（c）image of Tianwen-1 Zhurong Mars rover taken on Mars，（d）MSCam，（e）MarSCoDe

Fig. 4. The main scientific results of spectroscopic techniques applied to lunar exploration missions in recent years（a）distribution of minerals，watery region and temperature on the moon detected by M³，（b）lunar thermal distribution obtained based on Diviner data，（c）spectral reflectance of the first lunar day lunar surface CE4_0015，CE4_0016，and REFF data at detection point CE3_0008 acquired by VNIS，（d）normalized reflectance after continuum removal，（e）impact crater spectral detection region of carbonaceous spherical meteorites detected by Chang'e-4，（f）VNIS reflectance spectra corrected for glassy material in N66

Fig. 5. （a）Global map of pyroxene（top）and anhydrous iron oxide nanoparticles（bottom），（b）reflectance spectra of hydrated silicate minerals probed by CRISM and laboratory

Table 1. Typical spectral payloads of major lunar and Mars exploration missions in recent years

Table 2. Performance indicators for spectroscopy payloads on Chang-e exploration mission

Table 3. Performance indicators for near-infrared spectroscopy payloads on Tianwen-1 exploration mission