Author Affiliations
1Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan , China2Key Lab of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Loop closure edges in the pose graph
Fig. 2. Global registration flow chart
Fig. 3. FAST-LIO 2 algorithm result of Data 1
Fig. 4. FAST-LIO 2 algorithm result of Data 2
Fig. 5. FAST-LIO 2 algorithm result of Data 3
Fig. 6. FAST-LIO 2 algorithm result of Data 4
Fig. 7. Comparison of point clouds before and after trajectory drift error optimization for Data 1 and Data 2
Fig. 8. Comparison of point clouds before and after trajectory drift error optimization for Data 3 and Data 4
Fig. 9. Scene comparison of Data 1 before and after optimization
Fig. 10. Scene comparison of Data 2 before and after optimization
Fig. 11. Scene comparison of Data 3 before and after optimization
Fig. 12. Scene comparison of Data 4 before and after optimization
Data name | Trajectory length /m | Point cloud frame rate | Scanning time /s |
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Data 1 | 410 | 2018 | 797 | Data 2 | 2930 | 2700 | 265 | Data 3 | 3580 | 3420 | 344 | Data 4 | 2010 | 3180 | 322 |
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Table 1. Description of input data
Data name | Processing time /s | Number of coarse optimization iterations | Number of fine optimization iterations |
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Data 1 | 748 | 2 | 8 | Data 2 | 1000 | 4 | 5 | Data 3 | 1231 | 3 | 5 | Data 4 | 1173 | 3 | 5 |
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Table 2. Description of experimental results
Optimization state | Data 1 | Data 2 | Data 3 | Data 4 |
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Before optimization | 2.667 | 10.348 | 19.018 | 3.412 | Drift error optimization | 0.231 | 0.329 | 0.398 | 0.223 | After coarse optimization | 0.171 | 0.284 | 0.342 | 0.193 | After fine optimization | 0.158 | 0.211 | 0.218 | 0.157 |
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Table 3. Average value of the distance RMSE of the matching point pairs