Fig. 1. (a) Schematic of the experimental setup for femtosecond laser-induced fluorescence up-conversion in LCs. The inset shows the primary components of NJU-LDn-4. (b) The experimental fluorescence of the sample.

Fig. 2. (a) Absorption and (b) transmittance spectra of the NJU-LDn-4. (c) Excitation and (d) emission spectra of NJU-LDn-4.

Fig. 3. (a) Fluorescence spectrum of the LC material excited by a 405-nm continuous laser. The inset shows the fluorescence generated by the continuous laser-induced LC cell. (b) Fluorescence spectrum of the LC material excited by an 800-nm femtosecond laser. The inset shows the fluorescence produced by the femtosecond laser-induced LC cell.

Fig. 4. (a) Fluorescence spectra of NJU-LDn-4 at different pump powers. (b) Quadratic fitting curve of fluorescence peaks under different pump power excitations.

Fig. 5. (a) Periodic grating pattern (100 px represents one cycle) of the LC cell. (b) Fluorescence from the grating LC cell generated by a femtosecond laser and (c) continuous laser excitation. (d) Forked grating pattern with m = 4 and a scale bar of 100 µm. (e) Fluorescence of the forked LC cell generated by a femtosecond laser and (f) continuous laser excitation.