Author Affiliations
1Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MoE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China2Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. (Color online) (a) Crystal structure for perovskite materials. Reproduced with permission
[3], Copyright 2019, the Royal Society of Chemistry. (b) Calculated transition energy levels of different defects in MAPbI
3. The corresponding formation energies are shown in parentheses. Reproduced with permission
[4], Copyright 2014, Wiley-VCH. (c) Charge recombination pathways in perovskite films. Reproduced with permission
[5], Copyright 2018, the Royal Society of Chemistry.
Fig. 2. (Color online) (a) Pb-I antisite defects passivated by PCBM. Reproduced with permission
[7], Copyright 2015, Nature Publishing Group. (b) Uncoordinated Pb
2+ passivated by thiophene. Reproduced with permission
[9], Copyright 2014, American Chemical Society. (c) Hydrogen bondings (O–H···I and N–H···I) between 4-ABPACl and perovskite film. Reproduced with permission
[18], Copyright 2015, Nature Publishing Group. (d) Halogen bonding between IPFB and halogen anion. Reproduced with permission
[21], Copyright 2014, American Chemical Society. (e) Halogen vacancy passivated by K
+. Reproduced with permission
[28], Copyright 2018, Nature Publishing Group. (f) PEAI post-treatment on perovskite film. Reproduced with permission
[29], Copyright 2019, Nature Publishing Group. (g) MA and I vacancies passivated by 3-(decyldimethylammonio)-propane-sulfonate zwitterion. Reproduced with permission
[31], Copyright 2018, Wiley-VCH.
Fig. 3. (Color online) (a) SEM image for perovskite film containing PbI
2 phases. (b) Type-I energy level alignment. Reproduced with permission
[34], Copyright 2014, American Chemical Society. (c) PbI
2 as charge-transport barrier at grain boundaries. Reproduced with permission
[35], Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society. (d) 2D perovskites establish type-I heterojunction. Reproduced with permission
[36], Copyright 2017, Nature Publishing Group. (e) DFT calculation for trap states on the surface of different crystallographic facets. Reproduced with permission
[40], Copyright 2020, Nature Publishing Group.