In this article, we carried out theoretical and experimental studies on the output characteristics of a cavity-dumped thin-disk laser operating at 100 kHz. Firstly, a theoretical model of the rate equation of the cavity-dumped thin-disk laser was established. The model considered the number of spontaneous emission photons newly added in the resonant cavity per unit time, and the ratio of the number of spontaneous emission photons to the total number of spontaneous emission photons was analyzed. And then we performed simulations based on some parameters. Next, we built a cavity-dumped thin-disk laser with a repetition rate of 100 kHz, and the average power of nanosecond laser pulse output was 253 W. The optical-optical efficiency was about 35.2%, the pulse width was 10.4 ns, and the single pulse energy was 2.53 mJ. The peak power exceeded 200 kW, and the optical quality M² in the x and y directions was 9.77 and 9.27, respectively. For the dynamic stability of the cavity-dumped Q-switching, the influence of Pockels cell gate time on the output power and stability of the output pulse was further studied. In the experiment, the phenomenon of period doubling bifurcation and deterministic chaos were observed. The simulation results are consistent with the experimental results.