Author Affiliations
1Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding , Hebei 071003, China2Hebei Key Laboratory of Power Internet of Things Technology, North China Electric Power University, Baoding , Hebei 071003, China3Baoding Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Optical Communication Technology, North China Electric Power University, Baoding , Hebei 071003, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Single mode-hollow-single mode fiber
[15]. (a) Single mode-hollow-single mode fiber misalignment fusion structure; (b) physical production of sensing structure
Fig. 2. Coreless-D type-coreless optical fiber sensing structure, inset is cross section image of the DSF
[16] Fig. 3. Simulated results of wide-angle beam propagation method
[19]. (a) Relationship between the energy of the evanescent wave and the diameter of the thin core; (b) relationship between the spectral wavelength and the refractive index of the cone diameter of 25 μm and 65 μm, the inset shows the response of the transmission spectra with the refractive index
Fig. 4. Relationship between transmission spectrum parameters and related parameters
[21]. (a) Relationship between transmission spectrum parameters and magnetic field strength; (b) relationship between transmission spectrum parameters and temperature
Fig. 5. Relationship between transmission spectrum parameters and related parameters
[23]. (a) Relationship between transmission spectrum parameters and magnetic field strength; (b) relationship between transmission spectrum parameters and temperature
Fig. 6. FBG cascaded macro-bend fiber. (a) FBG cascaded macro-bend fiber structure; (b) photo of FBG cascaded macro-bend fiber structure
Fig. 7. Thin cone and peanut-shaped thick cone cascaded FBG
[27]. (a) Thin cone and peanut-shaped thick cone cascade FBG structure; (b) sensing structure diagram under electron microscope
Fig. 8. Sensing structure and system of E-FLM
[28].(a) Mode interference structure with NCF and ECSF; (b) E-FLM
Fig. 9. Sensing structure and numerical simulation of MF filled PCF
[30].(a) Temperature and magnetic field sensing structure based on MF penetrating PCF; (b) when the optical frequency matches the resonance frequency, the electric field distribution of the microcavity
Fig. 10. PCF cross-sections in different literatures. (a) Schematic of the cross-section of the PCF
[33]; (b) schematic of the cross-section of the PCF
[34] Fig. 11. System block diagram of composite interference structure
[36] Magnetic fluid-coated optical fiber sensor | Magnetic fluid-filled sensing structure |
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| Intrinsic optical fiber filled with magnetic fluid | Extrinsic optical fiber filled with magnetic fluid | Sensors based on mode interference | Photonic crystal fiber sensor | Fabry-Perot interferometer | Sensors based on evanescent wave | Surface plasmon resonance | | Grating-based sensors | | | Fiber loop mirror-based sensors | | |
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Table 1. Classification of temperature and magnetic field sensors based on magnetic fluid
Existence of magnetic fluid in sensors | Sensing mechanism | Fiber configuration | Detecting range | Sensitivity | Reference |
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MF coated sensing sensor | Mode interference | NCF | 20-140 Oe, 20-70 ℃ | 7.433 pm/Oe,-0.246 pm/℃ | [37] | HCF filled with alcohol | 0-169 Oe, 26-56 ℃ | 82 pm/Oe, -468 pm/℃ | [15] | NCF+D type fiber+NCF | 0-21 Oe, 30-55 ℃ | 99.68 pm/Oe, -77.49 pm/℃ | [16] | Evanescent wave | Optical microfiber taper | 20-70 Oe, 30-80 ℃ | 0.171 nm/Oe, -0.587 nm/℃ | [18] | Etched thin core fiber | 0-299.6 Oe, 19-38.5 ℃ | -128 pm/Oe, -497 pm/℃ | [19] | Double cladded single-mode fiber taper | 0-150 Oe, 30-80 ℃ | 88 pm/Oe, -282.67 pm/℃ | [21] | Fiber grating | Dual S-bend+thin fiber+FBG | 0-230 Oe, 20-60 ℃ | -0.0678 dB/Oe, -0.04 dB/℃ | [38] | Macro-Bending Fiber+FBG | 0-150 Oe, 28.6-57.2 ℃ | 0.1426 nm/Oe, 8.1 pm/℃ | [10] | Up-tapered+FBG | 0-25 mT, 25-55 ℃ | 407.82 pm/mT, -362.55 pm/℃ | [39] | Fiber loop mirror | NCF+ECSF | 0-9 mT, 10-45 ℃ | 713.07 pm/mT, -34.8 pm/℃ | [28] | MF filled sensing structure | Intrinsic fiber-filled magnetic fluid | PCF | Different types of MF filled PCF | 0-0.06 T, 250-345 K | 89 nm/mT, -0.0393 nm/K | [30] | MF filled the two vertical air holes of PCF | 0-60 mT, 0-70 ℃ | -1.927 nm/mT, 0.512 pm/℃ | [40] | MF filled PCF | 0-66.6 Gs, 20-60 ℃ | 0.072 nm/Gs,-0.08 nm/℃ | [32] | SPR | PDMS and MF filled PCF | 20-300 Oe, 20-50 ℃ | 82.69 pm/Oe, -317.1 pm/℃ | [33] | MF filled dual-core PCF | 0-50 mT, 20-50 ℃ | 0.44 nm/mT, -0.37 pm/℃ | [34] | Extrinsic optical fiber filled with magnetic fluid | FP | FBG+FP | 20-60 mT, 20-95 ℃ | 0.23 nm/mT, -0.092 nm/℃ | [41] | FP+ PCF_Alcohol | 0-166.7 Gs, 28-53 ℃ | 0.033 nm/Gs, -0.236 nm/℃ | [36] |
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Table 2. Research progresses of temperature and magnetic field sensors based on magnetic fluid