Fig. 1. Schematic of laser melt injection in collaboration with electromagnetic compound field
Fig. 2. Morphology of spherical WC particles
Fig. 3. Flow field distribution in molten pool under action of electromagnetic compound field (t=3.9 s). (a) B=0 T;(b) B=0.9 T; (c) B=0.9 T, upward Lorenz force; (d) B=0.9 T, downward Lorenz force
Fig. 4. Influence of induced Lorentz force on surface fluid speed in molten pool (t=3.9 s)
Fig. 5. Influence of directional Lorentz force on surface fluid speed in molten pool (t=3.9 s)
Fig. 6. Temperature field distribution in molten pool under action of electromagnetic compound field (t=3.9 s). (a) B=0 T; (b) B=0.9 T; (c) B=0.9 T, upward Lorenz force; (d) B=0.9 T, downward Lorenz force
Fig. 7. Particle distribution in melt injection layer under action of electromagnetic compound field. (a) B=0 T; (b) B=0.9 T, upward Lorenz force; (c) B=0.9 T, downward Lorenz force
Fig. 8. Experimental results of particle distributions in longitudinal section of melt injection layer under action of electromagnetic compound field. (a) With upward Lorenz force; (b) with downward Lorenz force; (c) without Lorenz force
Fig. 9. WC particle morphologies under action of electromagnetic compound field. (a) Without Lorenz force; (b) with downward Lorenz force; (c) with upward Lorenz force
Fig. 10. Schematic of forces acting on particles and fluid under action of electromagnetic compound field
Composition | C | Cr | Ni | Mn | Si | Mo | P | S | Fe |
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Value | 0.02 | 16.5 | 10.0 | 1.55 | 0.55 | 2.08 | <0.03 | <0.03 | Bal. |
|
Table 1. Chemical compositions of 316L substrate material used in experiment (mass fraction, %)
Property | Value |
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Melting temperature /K | 1700 | Mass density /(kg·m-3) | 7850 | Dynamic viscosity /(Pa·s) | 0.006 | Surface tension coefficient /(10-4 N·m-1K-1) | -0.52 | Thermal expansion coefficient /(10-5 K-1) | 5 | Heat convection coefficient /(W·m-2K-1) | 20 | Particle density /( kg·m-3) | 15600 | Particle diameter /μm | 80 |
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Table 2. Physical parameters of materials