Ti(C,N).WC.Al2O3/Ti(C,N).WC laminated ceramic materials with different layers and layer thickness ratios were prepared via microwave sintering. The variation of residual stress with layer number and layer thickness ratio was revealed by a finite element method, and the effects of layer number and layer thickness ratio on the macro-mechanical properties and micro-structural characteristics of the material were investigated. The results show that compared with the homogeneous material, the fracture toughness of the laminated material increases to 11.42 MPa·m1/2, which is 2.5 times greater than that of the homogeneous material, indicating a superior toughening effect. The main reason is a combined effect of macroscopic residual compressive stress and massive microscopic crack deflections. The fracture mode of the laminated material is an effective mixed fracture mode. In such a mode, the transgranular fracture of the surface layer and the intergranular fracture of the matrix layer alternate, which is conducive to the increase of fracture toughness and to the improvement of the overall strength of the material.