• Acta Optica Sinica
  • Vol. 44, Issue 8, 0813001 (2024)
Xiaoyong Gao1, Yangyang Liu1,2, Guangxi Hu1, Liangjun Lu2,*, and Haimei Luo1,**
Author Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics and Telecommunication of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi , China
  • 2Pinghu Institute of Intelligent Optoelectronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Pinghu314200, Zhejiang , China
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    DOI: 10.3788/AOS231782 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Xiaoyong Gao, Yangyang Liu, Guangxi Hu, Liangjun Lu, Haimei Luo. 1×8 Silicon-Based Thermo-Optic Switch Based on Mach-Zehnder Interferometers[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2024, 44(8): 0813001 Copy Citation Text show less
    Schematic of 1×8 optical switch architecture based on tree structure
    Fig. 1. Schematic of 1×8 optical switch architecture based on tree structure
    Schematic of the structure of 1×2 MZI
    Fig. 2. Schematic of the structure of 1×2 MZI
    Transmission spectra of different paths, the insets show the electric field distribution of MMI. (a) Transmission spectra of paths 1-2 and 1-3 of 1×2 MMI; (b) transmission spectra of paths 1-3 and 1-4 of 2×2 MMI
    Fig. 3. Transmission spectra of different paths, the insets show the electric field distribution of MMI. (a) Transmission spectra of paths 1-2 and 1-3 of 1×2 MMI; (b) transmission spectra of paths 1-3 and 1-4 of 2×2 MMI
    Simulation results of phase variation with input power,the insets show the cross section of thermally shifted phase arm and thermal field simulation results, respectively
    Fig. 4. Simulation results of phase variation with input power,the insets show the cross section of thermally shifted phase arm and thermal field simulation results, respectively
    Physical diagrams of optical switch after electrical and optical encapsulation. (a) Gold wire bonding diagram of optical switch chip; (b) packaged optical switch; (c) PCB diagram; (d) substrate structure; (e) physical diagram of optical switch
    Fig. 5. Physical diagrams of optical switch after electrical and optical encapsulation. (a) Gold wire bonding diagram of optical switch chip; (b) packaged optical switch; (c) PCB diagram; (d) substrate structure; (e) physical diagram of optical switch
    External driver for optical switch chip. (a) Physical multi-channel voltage source; (b) connection plate
    Fig. 6. External driver for optical switch chip. (a) Physical multi-channel voltage source; (b) connection plate
    Optical switch calibration test system
    Fig. 7. Optical switch calibration test system
    Spectra of eight transmission paths and test waveguide for optical switch. (a) Test waveguide; (b) I1-O1; (c) I1-O2; (d) I1-O3; (e) I1-O4; (f) I1-O5; (g) I1-O6; (h) I1-O7; (i) I1-O8
    Fig. 8. Spectra of eight transmission paths and test waveguide for optical switch. (a) Test waveguide; (b) I1-O1; (c) I1-O2; (d) I1-O3; (e) I1-O4; (f) I1-O5; (g) I1-O6; (h) I1-O7; (i) I1-O8
    Transmission spectra for power maximization at target output port of optical switch. (a) I1-O1; (b) I1-O2; (c) I1-O3; (d) I1-O4; (e) I1-O5; (f) I1-O6; (g) I1-O7; (h) I1-O8
    Fig. 9. Transmission spectra for power maximization at target output port of optical switch. (a) I1-O1; (b) I1-O2; (c) I1-O3; (d) I1-O4; (e) I1-O5; (f) I1-O6; (g) I1-O7; (h) I1-O8
    Response time test system of 1×8 TO switch
    Fig. 10. Response time test system of 1×8 TO switch
    Test results of response time of optical switch. (a) 100 Hz; (b) 1 kHz; (c) 5 kHz; (d) 10 kHz
    Fig. 11. Test results of response time of optical switch. (a) 100 Hz; (b) 1 kHz; (c) 5 kHz; (d) 10 kHz
    Switch pathPower consumption of S1 /mWPower consumption of S2 /mWPower consumption of S3 /mW
    I1-O13.0212.749.27
    I1-O23.0212.7412.83
    I1-O33.029.799.11
    I1-O43.029.7913.27
    I1-O520.1214.2312.39
    I1-O620.1214.2310.88
    I1-O720.128.1711.96
    I1-O820.128.1710.64
    Table 1. Power consumption of each phase shifter for all paths
    Phase shifterSquare-wave frequency /kHzRising edge averaging time /μsFalling edge averaging time /μs
    S3-SE10.140.5560.00
    S3-SE31.012.4034.00
    S3-SE55.012.6528.98
    S3-SE710.011.8922.51
    Table 2. Response time test results of thermal phase shifters for optical switch
    TechnologyPort countInsertionloss /dBCrosstalk /dBResponsetime /μsPower consumption /mW

    Footprint /

    (mm×mm)

    Ref.
    MZI, direct carrier injection2×21-0.422.60.003×0.006[9]
    MZI, WG heater+n-i-n16×165.2~(-30)21.78515+9137×3.6[13]
    MZI, TiN32×32~15.8-2030293011×25[14]
    D-R reso-nators,Ti4×417.8-13.6∼3000-3.472×2.425[24]
    Proposed MZI, TiN1×8~1.1<(-23.6)60~34.091.75×3
    Table 3. Comparison of reported TO switching performance
    Xiaoyong Gao, Yangyang Liu, Guangxi Hu, Liangjun Lu, Haimei Luo. 1×8 Silicon-Based Thermo-Optic Switch Based on Mach-Zehnder Interferometers[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2024, 44(8): 0813001
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