• Acta Photonica Sinica
  • Vol. 50, Issue 10, 1016001 (2021)
Long LI1、3, Pei ZHANG1、3, Jiaqi HAN1、3, and Tiejun CUI2、3、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of High Speed Circuit Design and EMC,Ministry of Education,School of Electronic Engineering,Xidian University,Xi'an 710071,China
  • 2State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves,Southeast University,Nanjing 210096,China
  • 3Center of Intelligent Metamaterials,Pazhou Laboratory,Guangzhou 510330,China
  • show less
    DOI: 10.3788/gzxb20215010.1016001 Cite this Article
    Long LI, Pei ZHANG, Jiaqi HAN, Tiejun CUI. Key Technologies of Microwave Wireless Power Transfer and Energy Harvesting Based on Electromagnetic Metamaterials(Invited)[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2021, 50(10): 1016001 Copy Citation Text show less
    Basic technological path of microwave wireless power transfer and wireless energy harvesting
    Fig. 1. Basic technological path of microwave wireless power transfer and wireless energy harvesting
    Multi-source and multi-focus MIMO-WPT reflective metasurface[36]
    Fig. 2. Multi-source and multi-focus MIMO-WPT reflective metasurface36
    X-band reflective metasurface with unequal power distribution characteristics[37]
    Fig. 3. X-band reflective metasurface with unequal power distribution characteristics37
    Schematic diagram of coding metasurface applications in wireless communication[41]
    Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of coding metasurface applications in wireless communication41
    Testing scenario and measured transfer efficiency of the adaptive intelligent WPT system based on 2-bit PMS[42]
    Fig. 5. Testing scenario and measured transfer efficiency of the adaptive intelligent WPT system based on 2-bit PMS42
    Transparent NFF reflective metasurface[51]
    Fig. 6. Transparent NFF reflective metasurface51
    Research context and the significant progress of WEH metasurfaces
    Fig. 7. Research context and the significant progress of WEH metasurfaces
    Design examples of metamaterial rectifying antennas
    Fig. 8. Design examples of metamaterial rectifying antennas
    Early examples of rectifying metasurface designs
    Fig. 9. Early examples of rectifying metasurface designs
    Recent examples of rectifying metasurface designs
    Fig. 10. Recent examples of rectifying metasurface designs
    Future applications of smart metasurfaces
    Fig. 11. Future applications of smart metasurfaces

    References

    (year)

    Frequency /GHzMetasurface

    Periodicity

    metasurface size

    Maximum

    harvesting

    efficiency

    Remarks

    53

    2012

    5.8SRR

    0.18λ0

    9×9

    76%First introducing metasurface to WEH

    54

    2015

    3ELC resonator

    0.08λ0

    13×13

    97%Single band

    55

    2015

    5.55Complementary SRR

    0.34λ0

    11×11

    92%

    Wideband

    high efficiency

    57

    2017

    6.2~21.4

    Square ring

    resonator

    0.44λ0

    5×5

    96%

    Wideband

    polarization-insensitive

    59

    2017

    0.9,2.6,5.7

    Butterfly-type closed

    loop resonator

    0.08λ0

    7×7

    90% at 0.9 GHz

    83% at 2.6 GHz

    81% at 5.7 GHz

    Tri-band

    miniaturized

    wide-angle

    polarization-insensitive

    64

    2018

    2.45,6

    Ring resonator and

    symmetric ELC resonator

    0.09λ0

    9×9

    90%

    Coding metasurface

    algorithm optimization

    65

    2019

    5.33

    Modified complementary

    SRR

    0.13λ0

    11×11

    86%

    Flexible

    ultra-thin

    63

    2020

    5.8

    Centrally symmetrical circular

    sectors surrounded by metal vias

    0.29λ0

    5×5

    91%

    Frequency stability

    wide-angle

    polarization-insensitive

    Table 1. Comparison of performances among different WEH metasurfaces
    WPTWEH
    Main requirementHigh energy transmission and conversion efficiency
    Application scenariosMid to high power devicesLow power sensors
    Transmitting-receivingPoint-to-pointSpace-to-point
    Operating frequency

    Dedicated

    narrowband

    Communication bands,ISM bands,etc.

    wideband/multi-band

    Radiation patternHigh gain/directivityWide incident angle(omni-directivity)
    Polarization requirementAlignmentPolarization insensitive

    Required characteristics

    of metasurface

    Amplitude,phase,and wavefront regulation of metasurface unit

    Harvest wireless energy

    Multimode resonance effect of metasurface array

    Future directions with metasurface

    Adaptive,programmable,intelligent regulation

    Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer

    Rectifying metasurface

    Hybrid energy harvesting for energy Autonomous of WSN

    Table 2. Detailed comparison of microwave WPT and WEH
    Long LI, Pei ZHANG, Jiaqi HAN, Tiejun CUI. Key Technologies of Microwave Wireless Power Transfer and Energy Harvesting Based on Electromagnetic Metamaterials(Invited)[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2021, 50(10): 1016001
    Download Citation