Four hundred ninety five samples from 3 parts of tobacco were collected from 11 different ecological environments in 2010 to analyze the characteristics of tobaccos in different ecological environments with near infrared spectroscopy. The results indicate that the differences are remarkable both between lower and upper parts and between lower and middle parts of tobacco, while negligible between upper and middle parts of tobacco under the same ecological environment. Good stability and consistency were showed by the similarity of characteristics of tobaccos under different ecological environments, and the projection correlation coefficient of analysis set and validation set is over 98%. This article also proposes a method of measuring the similarity between characteristics of tobaccos from different ecological environments. The results can provide reference data to quantify tobacco’s planting programming, production processing and quality management.