Based on the radiative transfer simulation model, using the measured bioluminescence intensity data from different seasons in the Yellow Sea, combined with the simultaneous measured inherent optical properties data, this study analyzes the numerical and spectral variation of the water leaving radiance originating from bioluminescence (L_w-bio) and discusses its relationship with the inherent optical properties and the depth of bioluminescence. The main research results of this paper are as follows: (1) L_w-bio in the Yellow Sea has significant seasonal and spatial variation characteristics. Besides the bioluminescence abundance and ability of the water column, the L_w-bio is also related to the inherent optical properties of the water column and the depth of the bioluminescence source. (2) In terms of spectral variation, the maximum wavelength shift of L_w-bio increases with the deepening of the depth of bioluminescence source and related to the inherent optical properties. In the water column with a large value of inherent optical properties, when the depth of the bioluminescence source is below the surface water column, the maximum wavelength of L_w-bio can change from blue band (474 nm) to green band (up to 578 nm); In the water column with a low value of inherent optical properties, the variation of radiance spectrum is weak. Even if the depth of the bioluminescence source increases, the maximum wavelength of L_w-bio is still in the blue band (up to 500 nm). (3) Although the broad inherent optical properties of the Yellow Sea have a great impact on the geometric depth retrieval of the bioluminescence source, the geometric depth of the bioluminescence source can be retrieved from the spectral information of L_w-bio.