In this study, the size, position, optical characteristic, and structure reconstructions of foreign objects in tissue simulators are realized using the scanning technology of an equiangular fan beam, a chaotic laser as a laser source, and a chaotic crosscorrelation signal with delta-like function. Equiangular fan beam scanning systems consist of a collimated chaotic source and two photodetectors. The chaotic laser collimated by the optical collimator passes through the tissue simulator and is received by the photodetector. The time-domain information of the chaotic source at different angles is obtained through the synchronous rotation of the chaotic light source and the photodetector. In the tissue simulator, crosscorrelation operation is performed on the outgoing and reference signals, and the crosscorrelation peak value is extracted to obtain the attenuation information of light. The detection of foreign objects in the tissue simulator is accomplished by comparing the attenuation coefficients of the foreign objects and the simulator. According to the attenuation induced by the scattering and absorption of light in the phantom, the theoretical model of the crosscorrelation peak of chaotic signals as projection data is established, and the filtered back-projection algorithm is used to realize the image reconstruction. The results reveal that the chaotic laser-based scanning imaging method of equiangular fan beams has a high detection accuracy and can distinguish foreign objects with different attenuation coefficients.