Author Affiliations
1 Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics & Technology, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China;2 Key Laboratory of Astronomical Optics & Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China;3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Primary mirror profile
Fig. 2. Solid domain of initial model
Fig. 3. Fluid domain of initial model
Fig. 4. Complete initial 3D model
Fig. 5. (a) Temperature filed of primary mirror reflection plane; (b) temperature filed of airout 1 and airout 2
Fig. 6. (a) Light weighted primary mirror and (b) its profile
Fig. 7. 3D model of solid domain
Fig. 8. 3D model of fluid domain
Fig. 9. Complete 3D model
Fig. 10. (a) Average temperature of primary mirror reflection plane as a function of inlet velocity; (b) mirror seeing as a function of inlet velocity
Fig. 11. Temperature filed of primary mirror reflection plane
Fig. 12. Structure of air knife
Fig. 13. Complete 3D model with air knife
Fig. 14. Mirror seeing as a function of velocity of air knife. (a) Temperature of cooling air of 283.15 K; (b) temperature of cooling air of 284.15 K; (c) temperature of cooling air of 285.15 K; (d) temperature of cooling air is 286.15 K
Fig. 15. Temperature filed of primary mirror reflection plane at forced convection
Material | Thermal conductivity /(W·K-1·m-1) | Specific heat /(J·kg-1·K-1) | Density /(kg·m-3) | Thermal expansion coefficient /K-1 |
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Zerodur | 1.64 | 1006.43 | 2530 | - | Steel | 16.27 | 1006.43 | 8030 | - | PTFE | 0.1 | 1006.43 | 2200 | - | Al | 202.4 | 871 | 2719 | - | Air | 0.0242 | 1006.43 | 1.225 | 0.0033 |
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Table 1. Physical properties of materials
Inlet velocity /(m·s-1) | /K | ΔT /K | /K | Heat 1 /W | Heat 2 /W | Heat 3 /W | Heat 4 /W | Error /% |
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0.5 | 293.985 | 2.679 | 293.28 | 3.2749 | 18.9544 | 22.2293 | 22.2222 | 0.0321 | 1.0 | 291.473 | 1.761 | 290.986 | 1.7663 | 20.4628 | 22.2291 | 22.2222 | 0.0310 | 1.5 | 290.554 | 1.371 | 290.156 | 1.2483 | 20.9816 | 22.2299 | 22.2222 | 0.0345 | 2.0 | 289.817 | 1.242 | 289.434 | 0.9119 | 21.3177 | 22.2296 | 22.2222 | 0.0334 | 2.5 | 289.344 | 1.191 | 288.965 | 0.4712 | 21.7583 | 22.2295 | 22.2222 | 0.0328 | 3.0 | 289.058 | 1.129 | 288.578 | 0.1718 | 22.0578 | 22.2296 | 22.2222 | 0.0332 | 3.5 | 288.744 | 1.117 | 288.248 | 0.0414 | 22.1882 | 22.2296 | 22.2222 | 0.0333 | 4.0 | 288.452 | 1.048 | 287.965 | -0.0537 | 22.2843 | 22.2305 | 22.2222 | 0.0374 | 4.5 | 288.289 | 1.104 | 287.741 | -0.1892 | 22.4186 | 22.2295 | 22.2222 | 0.0327 | 5.0 | 287.979 | 0.883 | 287.524 | -0.2940 | 22.5224 | 22.2284 | 22.2222 | 0.0277 |
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Table 2. Variation of related parameters with inlet velocity
Condition | Temperature of inlet /K | Inlet velocity /(m·s-1) | Velocity of air knife /(m·s-1) | Highest temperature /K | Temperature difference /K | Mirror seeing /arcsec |
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Air knife off | 283.15 | 3.5 | - | 288.744 | 1.117 | 0.0183 | Air knife on | 283.15 | 3 | 3 | 288.672 | 0.686 | 0.017 |
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Table 3. Comparison of related parameters of primary mirror reflection plane at different working conditions
Velocity of air knife /(m·s-1) | /K | ΔT /K | /K | Heat 1 /W | Heat 2 /W | Heat 3 /W | Heat 4 /W | Error /% |
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1 | 288.804 | 0.815 | 288.459 | 0.4261 | 21.8039 | 22.2301 | 22.2222 | 0.0353 | 2 | 288.723 | 0.730 | 288.428 | 0.4646 | 21.7655 | 22.2301 | 22.2222 | 0.0357 | 3 | 288.672 | 0.686 | 288.404 | 0.6098 | 21.6208 | 22.2306 | 22.2222 | 0.0377 | 4 | 288.647 | 0.680 | 288.389 | 0.6798 | 21.5510 | 22.2309 | 22.2222 | 0.0390 | 5 | 288.636 | 0.675 | 288.376 | 0.7355 | 21.4954 | 22.2310 | 22.2222 | 0.0396 | 6 | 288.635 | 0.668 | 288.358 | 0.8099 | 21.4208 | 22.2307 | 22.2222 | 0.0382 | 7 | 288.634 | 0.660 | 288.344 | 0.8622 | 21.3682 | 22.2303 | 22.2222 | 0.0367 | 8 | 288.629 | 0.648 | 288.339 | 0.8788 | 21.3515 | 22.2303 | 22.2222 | 0.0362 | 9 | 288.623 | 0.637 | 288.335 | 0.8898 | 21.3404 | 22.2302 | 22.2222 | 0.0359 | 10 | 288.621 | 0.633 | 288.327 | 0.8938 | 21.3364 | 22.2302 | 22.2222 | 0.0358 |
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Table 4. Variation trend of related parameters at different velocities of air knife
Telescope | Δ /K | Mirror seeing /arcsec |
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GREGOR | ≤2 | - | DKIST | ≤1 | ≤0.05 | EST | ≤2 | - | CLST | ≤1 | ≤0.05 | ISMAT | <0.6 | <0.02 |
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Table 5. Comparison of domestic and foreign research