• Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
  • Vol. 58, Issue 8, 0811001 (2021)
Peng Zhou and Shuhui Gao*
Author Affiliations
  • School of Investigation, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China
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    DOI: 10.3788/LOP202158.0811001 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Peng Zhou, Shuhui Gao. Signature Handwriting Examination Based on Photometric Stereo Imaging and Change of Gray Value[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2021, 58(8): 0811001 Copy Citation Text show less
    Fix the incident light source and shoot
    Fig. 1. Fix the incident light source and shoot
    Normal vector on the surface of an object
    Fig. 2. Normal vector on the surface of an object
    Object surface normal vector coordinate system and surface depth Z
    Fig. 3. Object surface normal vector coordinate system and surface depth Z
    Three-dimensional gray-scale map of signature handwriting
    Fig. 4. Three-dimensional gray-scale map of signature handwriting
    A reference ruler that gives pseudo-color
    Fig. 5. A reference ruler that gives pseudo-color
    Partial signature stereogram of the sample under R, G, B channels
    Fig. 6. Partial signature stereogram of the sample under R, G, B channels
    Top view of stereo morphology of partial real signature handwriting
    Fig. 7. Top view of stereo morphology of partial real signature handwriting
    Stereogram of partial signature of each group signer
    Fig. 8. Stereogram of partial signature of each group signer
    Sample diagram after corrosion expansion
    Fig. 9. Sample diagram after corrosion expansion
    Effect of accurately locating feature areas
    Fig. 10. Effect of accurately locating feature areas
    Contour area of equal-cut signature handwriting
    Fig. 11. Contour area of equal-cut signature handwriting
    Gray value of B channel area for group A1
    Fig. 12. Gray value of B channel area for group A1
    Gray value of R channel area for group A2
    Fig. 13. Gray value of R channel area for group A2
    Gray value of G channel area for group A3
    Fig. 14. Gray value of G channel area for group A3
    Gray scale of B channel area for group a1
    Fig. 15. Gray scale of B channel area for group a1
    Gray scale of R channel area for group a2
    Fig. 16. Gray scale of R channel area for group a2
    Gray scale of G channel area for group a3
    Fig. 17. Gray scale of G channel area for group a3
    Full-amplitude gray scale difference distribution with groups C1 and c1
    Fig. 18. Full-amplitude gray scale difference distribution with groups C1 and c1
    Local gray scale difference distribution of group C1 after two equal parts
    Fig. 19. Local gray scale difference distribution of group C1 after two equal parts
    Local gray scale difference distribution of group c1 after two equal parts
    Fig. 20. Local gray scale difference distribution of group c1 after two equal parts
    Local gray scale difference distribution of group C1 after five equal parts
    Fig. 21. Local gray scale difference distribution of group C1 after five equal parts
    Local gray scale difference distribution of group c1 after five equal parts
    Fig. 22. Local gray scale difference distribution of group c1 after five equal parts
    Comparison of five and six equal parts of the sample picture of group C1
    Fig. 23. Comparison of five and six equal parts of the sample picture of group C1
    Variation trend of gray level of channel B in the adjacent area of the stereo morphology diagram of B1 real signature
    Fig. 24. Variation trend of gray level of channel B in the adjacent area of the stereo morphology diagram of B1 real signature
    Variation trend of gray level of channel B in the adjacent area of the stereo morphology diagram of b1 real signature
    Fig. 25. Variation trend of gray level of channel B in the adjacent area of the stereo morphology diagram of b1 real signature
    GroupV'1V'2V'3V'4GroupV'1V'2V'3V'4
    A11.0540.83530.620.513a14.496.1626.25.455
    A20.4730.4590.4880.473a27.3245.677.0713.61
    A30.3510.5340.2940.405a34.3232.6515.8114.63
    B10.6620.7410.7340.532b16.2315.7825.6685.3
    B20.7820.5640.4510.683b27.6316.6614.5634.673
    B31.3310.7920.6070.93b32.4513.562.9614.668
    C10.7431.0360.5320.662c17.1126.8646.5566.016
    C20.3260.5130.740.631c26.5313.5243.6654.684
    C31.120.6270.7640.467c35.3315.6254.2393.586
    D10.4520.8760.7520.253d15.8365.0314.625.363
    D20.5620.6430.7160.628d22.6843.4782.0684.837
    E11.320.8140.3350.746e15.6916.5534.286.08
    E20.8630.7280.4721.035e24.494.613.1024.673
    Table 1. Standard deviation of V'value of channel B in adjacent area of real sample and copied sample
    GroupV'1V'2V'3V'4GroupV'1V'2V'3V'4
    A10.7910.3420.5660.608a15.17.6327.14.632
    A20.8360.4110.7250.708a23.6514.6277.6332.571
    A30.2130.4370.2810.435a34.3232.6513.6533.672
    B10.4420.5320.6150.214b17.0134.6726.0435.104
    B20.3640.2730.2150.243b24.8715.314.675.667
    GroupV'1V'2V'3V'4GroupV'1V'2V'3V'4
    B30.8090.6370.5010.341b34.1125.3916.1422.98
    C10.2530.3610.4830.673c15.3415.6814.2234.03
    C20.4410.8761.060.366c25.8294.6173.4815.247
    C30.2860.4130.5860.847c33.014.5237.6517.21
    D10.5240.2170.4010.763d12.1274.2144.3634.211
    D20.4870.5661.1710.834d26.3326.5364.2563.89
    E10.7880.820.5410.53e17.066.8315.674.583
    E20.9660.7230.3340.662e24.6815.4267.2234.972
    Table 2. Standard deviation of V'value of channel R in adjacent area of real sample and copied sample
    GroupV'1V'2V'3V'4GroupV'1V'2V'3V'4
    A10.8580.740.7390.937a13.356.4515.4374.332
    A20.8360.4110.7250.708a25.8244.245.3645.012
    A30.8070.5320.5270.689a36.333.5824.4536.434
    B10.4630.6530.5220.576b15.3637.7124.6925.172
    B20.5310.6070.6460.341b26.3125.2135.3615.113
    B30.3410.5170.7010.657b33.3673.685.2577.66
    C10.7680.6770.5860.736c17.1647.525.0216.817
    C20.8130.530.6160.501c25.8294.6173.4815.247
    C30.7730.6880.5840.716c34.5614.1215.3645.142
    D10.2620.5830.680.476d13.6222.232.5315.113
    D20.4430.7270.8610.831d23.7144.6354.7722.663
    E10.6370.8430.7160.581e15.1015.3642.3314.562
    E20.5630.4810.910.677e27.0044.1823.9626.331
    Table 3. Standard deviation of V'value of channel G in adjacent area of real sample and copy sample
    Number of sampleQ=1Q=2Q=3Q=4Q=5Q=6Q=7Q=8Q=9Q=10
    196684143904091674346455700917059414172434782
    210857156044753832451555861820011480285065842
    382429149443851666539472710818035373868296497
    486049152664111721939907714120680420271586529
    589562132323836713841777676315332397564264376
    688871144054256657640750694516903421769655495
    787856150244040721541953788319183406876826496
    886479154183985710441823736321600403274656409
    991647147534277826943677795920465417180916306
    1092237153464337779845603808220330446782756751
    Table 4. Partial feature vectors of the first sample of group A1
    GroupAccuracy
    Untreated featureTreated feature
    Aa153.33378.333
    Aa246.66683.333
    Aa348.33395.000
    Bb176.66685.000
    Bb265.00088.333
    Bb368.33391.666
    Cc135.00088.333
    Cc251.66688.333
    Cc341.66678.333
    Dd148.33381.666
    Dd256.66686.666
    Ee131.66693.333
    Ee243.33385.000
    Table 5. Comparison of accuracy rate of training and test for each classification model unit: %
    Peng Zhou, Shuhui Gao. Signature Handwriting Examination Based on Photometric Stereo Imaging and Change of Gray Value[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2021, 58(8): 0811001
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