Memristor, as a new type of electronic component that can realize high density, multi-function, low power consumption, and multi-level data storage, has brought significant changes to the field of circuit structure design, information storage theory, and artificial synapses simulation. In a wide range of memristors, the protein-based memristors have unparalleled natural advantages in other cutting-edge information technology fields such as implantable computing, human-computer interaction, and human-computer integration due to their controllable degradation, rich and cheap raw materials, and biocompatibility. Therefore, the memristor is considered as the most potential candidate for building the next generation of high-tech information electronic device. In this article, the latest research progress of protein based memristors is comprehensively reviewed. The research progress of other proteins, including the widely studied egg albumen and artificial recombinant protein with excellent performance are first summarized, and then the research process of silk fibroin-based memristors, the performance improvement of silk fibroin-based memristors brought by functional strategies are comprehensively introduced. The Structure-activity relationship between structure and performance of functionalized silk fibroin is analyzed. Finally, the performance of the protein-based memristor is comprehensively analyzed, and the future development opportunities of the green electronic device are also prospected.