In the field of health care, curved surface light sources are often required to illuminate the surface of the test object. It is of research significance to design a light-emitting diode (LED) array to produce uniform illumination distribution. In this paper, the cylindrical LED surface array is divided into two parts, a linear LED array and a circular LED array. The objective function distribution is constructed for the light field distribution of the curved LED array source and the column-shaped surface target receiving surface. The illumination uniformity of the illumination of the annular LED array is determined by the optical radiation parameters of the LED lamp beads, the lamp array surface radius, the receiving surface radius, and the angle between adjacent two lamp beads. The illuminance distribution of the two arrays is calculated by TracePro ray tracing method. By optimizing the arrangement of the LED surface array, a uniform illumination distribution is obtained on the cylindrical target surface.