Copper concentrate has a copper content of 20%~30%, which is the basic mineral raw material for copper smelting. Due to the difference between geological factors and smelting technology, the grade of copper concentrate in various mining areas in the world is different. In recent years, copper concentrate adulteration, false report and concealment, toxic and harmful elements exceeding the standard cases frequently occur, causing harm to the country and people's life and economy. Establishing the origin traceability and characteristic component analysis method of imported copper concentrate can provide effective technical support to port law enforcement. The contents of 15 rare earth elements, such as yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium, in copper concentrate samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The chemical and physical properties of copper concentrate is relatively stable, aiming at the digestion method of rare earth elements in copper concentrate with acid-soluble alkali fusion method, microwave method and the method of atmospheric acid-soluble. This experiment adopts the samples improved atmospheric acid-soluble method to eliminate and select a representative sample of 5^#, 6^#, 13^#, 16^#, 18^# samples of different rare earth elements content of copper concentrate, Through the tests on the addition order and dosage of hydrofluoric acid, perchloric acid and Lefter aqua regia, the best solution of the mixed strong acid system with reasonable dosage was 3 mL hydrofluoric acid-1 mL perchloric acid-3 mL Lefter aqua regia, which could completely dissolve all copper concentrate samples. Copper concentrate was a high substrate samples that silicate and carbonate salt compounds can bring matrix interference analysis of rare earth elements. In this study, the analysis results of the common mode of ICP-MS and the high matrix sample injection mode were compared. The unary linear results of rare earth elements working curves in common mode were poor, and the linear correlation coefficients of rare earth elements working curves in high matrix mode were above 0.999 4. The quantitative range was 2.25~110.00 mg·kg^-1, and the detection limits were 0.008 1~0.072 5 μg·L^-1. The recovery rate of 13^# copper concentrate was 97.4%~103.0%, and the precision was less than 3.1%. At the same time, GBW07105 basalt rock composition analysis reference material and GBW07234 copper ore reference material, which are similar to the copper concentrate sample composition, are selected to determine the content of rare earth elements according to this experimental method. The contents of rare earth elements Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd and Dy within the determination range of this method are investigated. The measured values are within the range of standard values of reference materials. This method is rapid, effective, accurate and easy to operate and can provide strong technical support for identifying imported copper concentrate.