In order to apply laser layering cleaning for aircraft structure and paint repair purposes, the effects of laser thermal ablation and thermal expansion on residual primer paint were analyzed, and a laser layering cleaning test on aluminum alloy skin was designed and carried out to reveal adhesion change of the residual primer paint after laser cleaning. The results show that the residual primer paint surface obtained by laser layering cleaning is smooth and easy to clean. The ablation "keyhole" can increase the contact surface, which can improve the adhesion of the paint film when recoating the new paint. When the thickness of the residual primer paint is over 24.8 μm, the thermal ablation effect of the laser will not affect the adhesion of the residual primer paint; and when the thickness of the primer is small, the adhesion will be reduced due to the thermal expansion effect of the residual primer paint.