The spectral characteristics of seawater cultured black pearl were systematically investigated by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) reflection spectrometer combining with photoluminescence (PL) spectrometer. The results show that: (1) based on the intensity and presence of the absorption peaks located at around 400, 500 and 700 nm in the UV-Vis reflection spectra, the black pearls were firstly classified into four categories. Namely, firstly, most of the pearls have absorption at around 400, 500 and 700 nm. Secondly, a small number of pearls have absorption peaks at around about 400 and 500 nm. Thirdly, partly of pearls absorption appeared peaks at about 400 and 700 nm. Finally, the rest of the pearls in this work appeared absorption peak around 500 and 700 nm. (2) Under the condition of 405 nm excitation light source and the room temperature, the unique characteristic absorption was located at around 620, 653 and 677 nm in PL spectra of black pearls, which did not appear in the other kinds of pearls. Interestingly, of which about 677 nm absorption peak had a sensitive to ultraviolet light, namely with the extension of irradiation time, the intensity of the absorption peak becomes weak or even disappears. In a word, the technology UV-Vis reflection combined with PL spectrum will take an important role in the identification of black pearls.