Fig. 1. (a) Overall and (b) representative TEM images of hybrid nano-particles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation of a Ti/Al alloy in deionized water; (c) corresponding SAED pattern; (d) EDX spectrum and EDS mappings of the constitute distribution of a spherical-shaped structure.

Fig. 2. (a) SEM images of TiO2/Al(OH)3 hybrid nano-composites generated in deionized water; (b) typical SEM images of a hybrid nano-particle obtained by the addition of ammonia to the colloidal solution; (c) EDS pattern of TiO2/Al(OH)3 hybrid nano-composites generated in deionized water; (d) corresponding EDS pattern.

Fig. 3. Typical TEM images of TiO2 nano-cages fabricated by laser ablation of Ti/Al alloy in liquid, where Vammonia:Vwater is the following: (a) 1∶10; (b) 1∶7; (c) 1∶4; (d) 1∶3; (e) HRTEM image of representative TiO2 nano-cages obtained at an ammonia concentration of 1∶3; (f) diameters and the shell thicknesses of spherical TiO2 nano-cages versus the ammonia concentration.

Fig. 4. Schematic of the growth diagram of TiO2 porous nano-cages by laser ablation of a Ti/Al alloy in aqueous ammonia.