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2015
Volume: 13 Issue 8
26 Article(s)
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Instrumentation, Measurement, and Metrology
Intuitive approach towards detection of attention tunneling while using a head-up display
Vinod Karar, Divya Agrawal, and Smarajit Ghosh
Head-up display (HUD), a primary cockpit display, helps in optimizing a pilot’s attention towards aircraft and outside events. Slight mismatch in the balance may cause missed events; this phenomenon is called attention tunneling and affects the situational awareness of the pilot. This work reports an intuitive approachHead-up display (HUD), a primary cockpit display, helps in optimizing a pilot’s attention towards aircraft and outside events. Slight mismatch in the balance may cause missed events; this phenomenon is called attention tunneling and affects the situational awareness of the pilot. This work reports an intuitive approach to detect attention tunneling while use of HUD in aircrafts. Texture analysis of a composite HUD camera video provided three distinguishing parameters, viz., contrast, correlation, and homogeneity. These three texture parameters are used as inputs for a fuzzy inference-based assistive detection system which could be used for distinguishing tunneled and nontunneled HUD operation..
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Aug. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 8, 081201 (2015)
Lasers and Laser Optics
Experimental investigation on Q -switching and Q -switched mode-locking operation in gold nanorods-based erbium-doped fiber laser
Xude Wang, Nian Zhao, Hao Liu, Rui Tang, Yanfang Zhu, Jianping Xue, Zhichao Luo, Aiping Luo, and Wencheng Xu
We report on the generation of Q-switched and Q-switched mode-locked (QML) pulses in an erbium-doped fiber ring laser by using a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) -based gold nanorod (GNR) saturable absorber (SA). The PVA-based GNR SA has a modulation depth of ～4.8% and a non-saturable loss of ～26.9% at 1.5 μm. A Q-switched pulsWe report on the generation of Q Q ～ 4.8 % ～ 26.9 % Q Q
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Aug. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 8, 081401 (2015)
20 Mbps wireless communication demonstration using terahertz quantum devices
Li Gu, Zhiyong Tan, Qingzhao Wu, Chang Wang, and Juncheng Cao
A wireless terahertz (THz) communication link is demonstrated, in which a THz quantum cascade laser and a THz quantum-well photo-detector (QWP) serve as the emitter and receiver, respectively. With the help of the well-matched THz QWP, the optical collection efficiency has greatly been improved. A data signal transmittA wireless terahertz (THz) communication link is demonstrated, in which a THz quantum cascade laser and a THz quantum-well photo-detector (QWP) serve as the emitter and receiver, respectively. With the help of the well-matched THz QWP, the optical collection efficiency has greatly been improved. A data signal transmitted over 2.2 m with a low bit error rate (≤ 1 × 10 8
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Aug. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 8, 081402 (2015)
Modeling of dynamic process in the laser-off period during laser drilling
Tingzhong Zhang, Xiaowu Ni, and Jian Lu
A two-dimensional, transient model is proposed to study the dynamic process of keyhole formation and the material changes during both the laser-on and -off periods. The keyhole shape, temperature field, and velocity field are analyzed. The results indicate that the dynamic changes of the target material in the laser-ofA two-dimensional, transient model is proposed to study the dynamic process of keyhole formation and the material changes during both the laser-on and -off periods. The keyhole shape, temperature field, and velocity field are analyzed. The results indicate that the dynamic changes of the target material in the laser-off period have a great influence on the final structure of the keyhole..
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Aug. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 8, 081403 (2015)
Synthesis of ultrafine titania nano-cages by pulsed laser ablation of Ti/Al alloy in ammonium hydroxide
Dameng Wang, Ming Chen, Xiangdong Liu, and Xueping Gao
A simple and versatile strategy is designed to successfully fabricate ultrafine TiO2 nano-cages based on the rapid decomposition reaction between amphoteric hydroxide and ammonia solution by pulsed laser ablation of Ti/Al alloy in liquid. With the ammonia concentration (Vammonia:Vwater, where V is volume) increasing frA simple and versatile strategy is designed to successfully fabricate ultrafine TiO 2 V ammonia : V water V 1 ∶ 10 1 ∶ 4 TiO 2 TiO 2
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Aug. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 8, 081404 (2015)
Passively Q -switched mode-locked Tm:LLF laser with a MoS2 saturable absorber
Xiao Zou, Yuxin Leng, Yanyan Li, Yanyan Feng, Peixiong Zhang, Yin Hang, and Jun Wang
A passively Q-switched mode-locked (QML) Tm:LiLuF4 (LLF) laser with a MoS2 saturable absorber (SA) is demonstrated for the first time, to our best knowledge. For the Q-switching mode, the maximum average output power and Q-switched pulse energy are 583 mW and 41.5 μJ, respectively. When the absorbed power is greater thA passively Q MoS 2 Q Q Q MoS 2 Q
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Aug. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 8, 081405 (2015)
Electro-optically Q-switched high-repetition-rate 1.73 μm optical parametric oscillator
Qianhuan Yu, Mingjian Wang, and Weibiao Chen
We demonstrate a potassium titanyl phosphate-based optical parametric oscillator (OPO) emitting at 1729 nm. A maximum output power of 1.56 W at 1729.4 nm is obtained with an original fundamental laser power of 5.48 W. The pulse with a pulse duration of 11.22 ns exceeds 3 mJ at a 500 Hz repetition rate. To our knowledgeWe demonstrate a potassium titanyl phosphate-based optical parametric oscillator (OPO) emitting at 1729 nm. A maximum output power of 1.56 W at 1729.4 nm is obtained with an original fundamental laser power of 5.48 W. The pulse with a pulse duration of 11.22 ns exceeds 3 mJ at a 500 Hz repetition rate. To our knowledge this is the highest energy output of an OPO laser emitting around 1.73 μm operating at a 100 Hz order of magnitude. This laser is primarily used for bond-selective imaging of deep tissue, a promising way for diagnosing vulnerable plaques in live patients..
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Aug. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 8, 081406 (2015)
Temporal properties of random lasers under ultrashort pulse excitation
Jiantao Lü, Ting Fan, and Guojie Chen
Temporal properties of random lasing under ultrashort pulse excitation are investigated in a two-dimensional disordered medium. The pumping light is described individually and coupled into the rate equations. The Maxwell equations and rate equations are numerically solved by using the finite-difference time domain methTemporal properties of random lasing under ultrashort pulse excitation are investigated in a two-dimensional disordered medium. The pumping light is described individually and coupled into the rate equations. The Maxwell equations and rate equations are numerically solved by using the finite-difference time domain method. The time evolution of the emission pulse is studied with the variation of the surface-filling fraction, refractive index, and scatterer radius. Results show that the behavior of random lasing depends strongly on the sample parameters. Our work enriches the knowledge about random lasers in the ultrashort pulse pumping regime and offers some guidance for relevant experiments..
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Aug. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 8, 081407 (2015)
Optical Devices
Optical attenuator based on phase modulation of a spatial light modulator
Chao Liu, Di Wang, Lixiao Yao, Lei Li, and Qionghua Wang
In this Letter, we propose an optical attenuator based on the phase modulation of a spatial light modulator (SLM). In this system, we use two polarized beam splitters (PBSs) to control the polarized light and one SLM to modulate the phase of the polarized light. In the initial state, the light beam is divided into p-liIn this Letter, we propose an optical attenuator based on the phase modulation of a spatial light modulator (SLM). In this system, we use two polarized beam splitters (PBSs) to control the polarized light and one SLM to modulate the phase of the polarized light. In the initial state, the light beam is divided into p-light and s-light when it passes through the first PBS. When the light passes through the second PBS, s-light is reflected and p-light is detected by the CCD camera. By loading different grayscales on the SLM, p-light changes its polarized state to s-light. The light power can be attenuated during the loading process. Our experiment shows that the system can obtain a wide optical attenuation from 1–27.2 dB. When loading two grayscales, the SLM has a fast switching time of 25 ms under a low actuated voltage of 5.5 V. The response time of the optical attenuator depends on the switching time of the SLM. Therefore, the system can also have a fast response time. By using the method of spatial multiplexing and adding two mirrors in the system, it can also be extended into a 1 × 2
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Aug. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 8, 082301 (2015)
Fiber Optics and Optical Communications
Preparation and characterization of a liquid level sensor based on plastic fibers
Huixin Zhang, Lishuang Feng, Yulong Hou, Shan Su, Jia Liu, Wenyi Liu, Jun Liu, and Jijun Xiong
Preparation and characterization of a liquid level sensor based on macro-bending coupling of fibers are demonstrated in this Letter. The sensitive component can be obtained through a twisting and twining structure of transparent cladding plastic fibers. The difference in light power originating from the surrounding medPreparation and characterization of a liquid level sensor based on macro-bending coupling of fibers are demonstrated in this Letter. The sensitive component can be obtained through a twisting and twining structure of transparent cladding plastic fibers. The difference in light power originating from the surrounding media in the fibers is tested. The light power loss for different tested media and the fiber bending magnitude are investigated. The sensing measurements show that the coupling light power in the passive fiber decreases in accordance with increasing liquid level, whereas it exhibits a steady tendency in the case of the active fiber..
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Aug. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 8, 080601 (2015)
56 Gb/s direct-detection polarization multiplexing multi-band CAP transmission
Zhixin Wang, Li Tao, Yiguang Wang, and Nan Chi
Carrierless amplitude and phase (CAP) modulation is generating increasing interest for short-reach optical communications. Polarization multiplexing (PolMux) is a good way to improve the CAP system’s data rate further with the limited bandwidth of electrical devices. In this Letter, we experimentally demonstrate a 56 GCarrierless amplitude and phase (CAP) modulation is generating increasing interest for short-reach optical communications. Polarization multiplexing (PolMux) is a good way to improve the CAP system’s data rate further with the limited bandwidth of electrical devices. In this Letter, we experimentally demonstrate a 56 Gb/s direct-detection PolMux CAP system over a 15 km fiber link for the first time, to our best knowledge. Two-band CAP modulation with different modulated orders for each band is employed. An optical filter at the receiver is utilized to realize the polarization separation. No extra digital signal processing for polarization-dependent distortion is required..
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Aug. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 8, 080602 (2015)
Simplified model and experimental validation for ultraviolet single-scattering channels
Peng Wang, Hongming Zhang, and Zhengyuan Xu
For nonline-of-sight ultraviolet communication links, a simple and concise parametric expression (PE) of channel path loss is valuable for link performance analysis in typical scenarios. It is observed that the light energy in the scattering volume can be approximated using a line integral. Combining curve fitting for For nonline-of-sight ultraviolet communication links, a simple and concise parametric expression (PE) of channel path loss is valuable for link performance analysis in typical scenarios. It is observed that the light energy in the scattering volume can be approximated using a line integral. Combining curve fitting for the scattering phase function and the mean value theorem of integrals, we propose a simple but highly accurate PE. It matches well with the Monte Carlo simulations for typical LED-based communication with small beam divergence (< 45 °
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Aug. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 8, 080603 (2015)
Distributed fiber temperature sensor using a laser diode modulated by a pseudo-random bit sequence
Jing Chai, Mingjiang Zhang, Yi Liu, Lan Li, Weipeng Xu, and Yuncai Wang
We propose and demonstrate a scheme to measure the distribution of temperature along an optical fiber based on pseudo-random sequence modulation. In our experimental work, current modulation with a pseudo-random bit sequence (PRBS) is applied to a laser diode that serves as the Brillouin pump light and reference light.We propose and demonstrate a scheme to measure the distribution of temperature along an optical fiber based on pseudo-random sequence modulation. In our experimental work, current modulation with a pseudo-random bit sequence (PRBS) is applied to a laser diode that serves as the Brillouin pump light and reference light. Because of the independence of the spatial resolution on the PRBS length, the measurement range can be extended while maintaining high spatial resolution using a long PRBS length. Temperature-induced changes in a Brillouin frequency shift of 250 m fiber sections are clearly observed with 54 cm spatial resolution by this method..
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Aug. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 8, 080604 (2015)
High-speed phosphorescent white LED visible light communications without utilizing a blue filter
Honglei Li, Yini Zhang, Xiongbin Chen, Chunhui Wu, Junqing Guo, Zongyu Gao, and Hongda Chen
We experimentally demonstrate a high-speed phosphorescent white light emitting diode (LED) visible light communication (VLC) system without utilizing an optical blue filter. Here, the white light response is equalized by using the proposed analog equalizers. The 3 dB bandwidth of the VLC link could be extended from 3 tWe experimentally demonstrate a high-speed phosphorescent white light emitting diode (LED) visible light communication (VLC) system without utilizing an optical blue filter. Here, the white light response is equalized by using the proposed analog equalizers. The 3 dB bandwidth of the VLC link could be extended from 3 to 132 MHz, which allows 330 Mbit/s non-return-to-zero on–off keying (NRZ-OOK) data transmission with a bit error ratio (BER) of 7.2 × 10 10 3.2 × 10 3 3.8 × 10 3
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Aug. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 8, 080605 (2015)
Quasi-optical single-sideband modulation with continuous carrier-to-sideband ratio tunability
Jing Li, Tigang Ning, Li Pei, Jingjing Zheng, Jian Sun, Yueqin Li, and Jin Yuan
A quasi-optical single-sideband (quasi-OSSB) modulation approach with a tunable carrier-to-sideband ratio (CSR) is proposed and demonstrated. By simply tuning the polarizing angle, a continuously tunable CSR can be obtained. Since the upper sideband is highly suppressed during the CSR’s tuning, quasi-OSSB modulation siA quasi-optical single-sideband (quasi-OSSB) modulation approach with a tunable carrier-to-sideband ratio (CSR) is proposed and demonstrated. By simply tuning the polarizing angle, a continuously tunable CSR can be obtained. Since the upper sideband is highly suppressed during the CSR’s tuning, quasi-OSSB modulation signals with extremely small interference are generated. An experiment is undertaken for verification. It is found that the target CSR can be continuously tuned over a wide range, which can be used to improve the receiver sensitivity of the fiber links..
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Aug. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 8, 080606 (2015)
Imaging Systems
3D shape measurement of a ground surface optical element using band-pass random patterns projection
Kun Liu, Changhe Zhou, Shaoqing Wang, Shengbin Wei, and Xin Fan
For manufacturing a fine optical glass lens, it is important to obtain a 3D profile of a semi-finished product with a rough surface. We develop an active binocular 3D scanning setup to measure the 3D profile of a rough surface optical element. Two cameras simultaneously capture the band-pass binary random patterns whicFor manufacturing a fine optical glass lens, it is important to obtain a 3D profile of a semi-finished product with a rough surface. We develop an active binocular 3D scanning setup to measure the 3D profile of a rough surface optical element. Two cameras simultaneously capture the band-pass binary random patterns which are projected on the target object. The highlight of this system is using the temporal correlation technique to determine the stereo correspondence between the pixels of the two cameras. The 3D point cloud can be reconstructed by the triangulation principle. Experiment results confirmed that this method effectively measures the rough surface of an optical element with sufficient accuracy..
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Aug. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 8, 081101 (2015)
ns-scaled time-coding method for real-time 3D super-resolution range-gated imaging
Dezhen Lu, Xinwei Wang, Songtao Fan, Jun He, Yan Zhou, and Yuliang Liu
We present a method of time coding with ABAB synchronization timing control for real-time 3D super-resolution range-gated imaging (3DSRGI). To meet the high precision of time delay and pulse width in ABAB synchronization time sequencing, phase shift is implemented to achieve ns-scaled delay and width accuracy without rWe present a method of time coding with ABAB synchronization timing control for real-time 3D super-resolution range-gated imaging (3DSRGI). To meet the high precision of time delay and pulse width in ABAB synchronization time sequencing, phase shift is implemented to achieve ns-scaled delay and width accuracy without restoring to high clock frequencies. Theoretical analysis and experiments prove that 1 ns delay and width precision is obtained by our timing control unit based on a single field-programmable gate array with 5 ns clock cycle. Finally, a prototype experiment of 3DSRGI is demonstrated at a 10 Hz video rate with 696 pixels × 520 pixels
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Aug. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 8, 081102 (2015)
Materials
Characterization of inclusions in KD2PO4 crystals
Junxiu Chang, Yuan Zhao, Guohang Hu, Yueliang Wang, Dawei Li, Xiaofeng Liu, and Jianda Shao
The inclusions in conventionally grown KD2PO4 (DKDP) crystals are investigated. The inclusions are captured by a light-scattering technique. The sizes are determined by an optical microscope and a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and the compositions are analyzed by time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometryThe inclusions in conventionally grown KD 2 PO 4
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Aug. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 8, 081601 (2015)
Er3+-doped fluorogallate glass for mid-infrared applications
Tianfeng Xue, Liyan Zhang, Lei Wen, Meisong Liao, and Lili Hu
We report an Er3+-doped fluorogallate glass with good thermal and chemical stability. The low maximum phonon energy and high mid-infrared (IR) transmittance of the glass are confirmed by Raman and IR spectra, respectively. Based on Judd–Ofelt theory, intensity parameters and radiative properties are determined from theWe report an Er 3 + β σ em Er 3 + : I 11 / 2 4 → I 13 / 2 4 1.04 × 10 20 cm 2
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Aug. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 8, 081602 (2015)
Topologically patterning of polyvinyl alcohol microstructures for vertical-/hybrid-aligned nematic liquid-crystal gratings doped with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanoparticles
Can Yang, Sensen Li, Wensong Li, Haijie Zuo, Lujian Chen, Baoping Zhang, and Zhiping Cai
We demonstrate a soft lithography approach for fabrication of a topographically patterned polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) liquid-crystal (LC) alignment layer. This specific approach employs modified micromolding in capillaries for negative replication of the PVA microstructures on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates from patternWe demonstrate a soft lithography approach for fabrication of a topographically patterned polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) liquid-crystal (LC) alignment layer. This specific approach employs modified micromolding in capillaries for negative replication of the PVA microstructures on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates from patterned poly(dimethylsiloxane) molds in a single step, leading to planar alignment on the desired regions. By doping with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanoparticles, which can induce vertical alignment on bare ITO surfaces, periodic LC phase gratings based on an alternating vertical-aligned/hybrid-aligned nematic geometry are presented as an application, and a theoretical model was used to simulate and examine the experimental results..
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Aug. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 8, 081603 (2015)
Extended transient-grating self-referenced spectral interferometry for sub-100 nJ femtosecond pulse characterization
Xiong Shen, Jun Liu, Fangjia Li, Peng Wang, and Ruxin Li
A geometry of transient-grating self-referenced spectral interferometry (TG-SRSI) is proposed for weak femtosecond pulse characterization. By using a reflective microscope objective (RMO), we build a compact, robust, and easy to adjust device with a higher sensitivity to pulse energy in comparison to all previous SRSI A geometry of transient-grating self-referenced spectral interferometry (TG-SRSI) is proposed for weak femtosecond pulse characterization. By using a reflective microscope objective (RMO), we build a compact, robust, and easy to adjust device with a higher sensitivity to pulse energy in comparison to all previous SRSI methods. A 65 nJ / ～ 40 fs / 1 kHz
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Aug. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 8, 081901 (2015)
Optical Design and Fabrication
Three-step lithography to the fabrication of vertically coupled micro-ring resonators in amorphous silicon-on-insulator
Jun Cheng, and Nan Yan
A simple method to fabricate vertically coupled micro-ring resonators in amorphous silicon-on-insulator is created by a three-step lithography process. First, the linear loss at 1.55 μm of the a-Si:H film is calculated to be 0.2±0.05 dB/cm. Then, the bottom line waveguide of Su-8 with a flat top surface of 300 nm A simple method to fabricate vertically coupled micro-ring resonators in amorphous silicon-on-insulator is created by a three-step lithography process. First, the linear loss at 1.55 μm of the a-Si:H film is calculated to be 0.2 ± 0.05 dB / cm
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Aug. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 8, 082201 (2015)
Integrated Optics
Fabrication of an electro-absorption modulated distributed feedback laser by quantum well intermixing with etching ion-implantation buffer layer
良顺 韩, 松 梁, 洪亮 朱, and 圩 王
We report the fabrication details of a monolithically integrated electro-absorption modulated distributed feedback laser (EML) based on the ion-implantation induced quantum well intermixing (QWI) technique. To well-preserve material quality in the laser region, thermal-oxide SiO2 is deposited before implantation and thWe report the fabrication details of a monolithically integrated electro-absorption modulated distributed feedback laser (EML) based on the ion-implantation induced quantum well intermixing (QWI) technique. To well-preserve material quality in the laser region, thermal-oxide SiO 2
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Aug. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 8, 081301 (2015)
Optics at Surfaces
Low-loss Airy surface plasmon polaritons
Qi Zhang, Chaohua Tan, Chao Hang, and Guoxiang Huang
We propose a scheme to obtain a low-loss propagation of Airy surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) along the interface between a dielectric and a negative-index metamaterial (NIMM). We show that by using the transverse-magnetic mode and the related destructive interference effect between electric and magnetic absorption reWe propose a scheme to obtain a low-loss propagation of Airy surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) along the interface between a dielectric and a negative-index metamaterial (NIMM). We show that by using the transverse-magnetic mode and the related destructive interference effect between electric and magnetic absorption responses, the propagation loss of the Airy SPPs can be largely suppressed when the optical frequency is close to the lossless point of the NIMM. As a result, the Airy SPPs obtained in our scheme can propagate more than a 6 times longer distance than that in conventional dielectric–metal interfaces..
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Aug. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 8, 082401 (2015)
Remote Sensing and Sensors
Reflection-type infrared biosensor based on surface plasmonics in graphene ribbon arrays
Wei Wei, Jinpeng Nong, Linlong Tang, Guiwen Zhang, Xiao Jiang, and Yong Zhu
We propose a reflection-type infrared biosensor by exploiting localized surface plasmons in graphene ribbon arrays. By enhancing the coupling between the incident light and the resonant system, an asymmetric Fabry–Perot cavity formed by the ribbons and reflective layer is employed to reshape the reflection spectra. SimWe propose a reflection-type infrared biosensor by exploiting localized surface plasmons in graphene ribbon arrays. By enhancing the coupling between the incident light and the resonant system, an asymmetric Fabry–Perot cavity formed by the ribbons and reflective layer is employed to reshape the reflection spectra. Simulation results demonstrate that the reflection spectra can be modified to improve the figure of merit (FOM) significantly by adjusting the electron relaxation time of graphene, the length of the Fabry–Perot cavity, and the Fermi energy level. The FOM of such a biosensor can achieve a high value of up to 36/refractive index unit (36/RIU), which is ～ 4
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Aug. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 8, 082801 (2015)
Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics
Average bit error rate of multi-hop parallel decode-and-forward-based FSO cooperative system with the max–min criterion under the gamma–gamma distribution
Tian Cao, Ping Wang, Lixin Guo, Bensheng Yang, Jing Li, and Yintang Yang
The average bit error rate (BER) performance of a free-space optical (FOS) system based on the multi-hop parallel decode-and-forward cooperative communication method with an M-ary phase shift keying subcarrier intensity modulation is studied systematically. With the max–min criterion as the best path selection scheme, The average bit error rate (BER) performance of a free-space optical (FOS) system based on the multi-hop parallel decode-and-forward cooperative communication method with an M-ary phase shift keying subcarrier intensity modulation is studied systematically. With the max–min criterion as the best path selection scheme, the probability density function and the cumulative distribution function of the gamma–gamma distribution random variable signal-to-noise ratio are derived. The analytical BER expression is then obtained in terms of the Gauss–Laguerre quadrature rule. Monte Carlo simulation is also provided to confirm the validity of the presented average BER model..
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Aug. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 8, 080101 (2015)
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