Author Affiliations
1College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210031, China2State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China;3University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 IBJ, UKshow less
Fig. 1. SEM morphologies of two powders. (a) 316L; (b) IN718
Fig. 2. Forming schematics of two kinds of 316L/IN718 heterogeneous formed parts. (a) Different-layer; (b) same-layer
Fig. 3. Two different scanning strategies. (a) Island scanning; (b) group scanning
Fig. 4. Physical images of 316L/IN718 same-layer heterogeneous parts. (a) Formed parts; (b) tensile specimen
Fig. 5. Influences of laser remelting process parameters on top surface roughness of 316L. (a) Influence of laser power; (b) influence of scanning speed; (c) influence of remelting times
Fig. 6. Morphologies of top surface at different laser remelting process parameters. Laser power: (a) 240 W, (b) 300 W, (c) 320 W; scanning speed; (d) 250 mm/s, (e) 450 mm/s, (f) 650 mm/s; remelting times: (g) 0, (h) 1, (i) 5
Fig. 7. Morphologies of different-layer 316L/IN718 interface. (a) Un-remelting; (b) remelting
Fig. 8. Morphologies of same-layer 316L/IN718 interface. (a) Un-remelting; (b) remelting
Fig. 9. Changes of element content at same-layer 316L/IN718 interface. (a) Un-remelting; (b) remelting
Fig. 10. Element distribution at same-layer 316L/IN718 interface. (a) Un-remelted interface; (b)--(c) elementsdistribution at un-remelted interface; (d) remelted interface; (e)--(f) elements distribution at remelted interface
Fig. 11. Tensile test results of 316L/IN718 same-layer heterogeneous samples before and after remelting optimization.(a) Stress-strain curves; (b) mechanical properties
Fig. 12. Fracture morphologies of same-layer 316L/IN718 tensile samples. (a) Un-remelting; (b) remelting; (c) area A of IN718; (d) area B of interface; (e) area C of 316L
Material | Mass fraction /% |
---|
Fe | Ni | Cr | Nb | Mo | Ti | Mn | Cu | Si |
---|
316L | 66.06 | 12.16 | 17.06 | -- | 2.59 | -- | 1.58 | 0.15 | 0.82 | IN718 | 19.92 | 51.17 | 19.75 | 4.97 | 2.92 | 0.77 | <0.01 | <0.1 | -- |
|
Table 1. Main constituent elements of 316L and IN718 powders
Material | Repose angle /(°) | Apparent density /(g·cm-3) | Tap density /(g·cm-3) |
---|
316L | 25.3 | 4.240 | 4.957 | IN718 | 26.2 | 4.308 | 5.088 |
|
Table 2. Fluidity test of two powder materials
Parameter | 316 L | IN718 |
---|
Laser power /W | 300 | 400 | Scanning speed /(mm·s-1) | 850 | 1000 | Layer thickness /mm | 0.05 | 0.05 | Scanning space /mm | 0.07 | 0.07 |
|
Table 3. Process parameters of two powders
Factor | Level |
---|
Laser power /W | 240 | 260 | 280 | 300 | 320 | -- | Scanning speed /(mm·s-1) | 250 | 350 | 450 | 550 | 650 | -- | Remelting times | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
|
Table 4. Process parameters of laser remelting experiment on 316L formed parts top surface
Item | E316L/(J·mm-3) | Einterface/(J·mm-3) | EIN718/(J·mm-3) | η /% |
---|
Un-remelting | 100.84 | -- | 114.28 | 72 | 1st remelting | 100.84 | 108.57 | 114.28 | 72 | 2nd remelting | 100.84 | 108.57 | 114.28 | 76 |
|
Table 5. Laser remelting process parameters of 316L/IN718 same-layer heterogeneous formed parts