volume memory effect | (1)positive ions | (dependenton gas composition)
| (1)distort spatial E-field[39](2)possibly shield E-field cooperatively with negative ions[18] | diffusion
/recombination
/drift
|
(2)negative ions | , (dependenton gas composition)
| (1)distort spatial E-field
(2)possibly shield E-field cooperatively with positive ion [45](3)provide seed electrons through detachment process[41] | diffusion
/recombination
/drift
|
(3)electrons | free electrons | facilitate the initiation and guiding the propagation of next streamer (dependent on the spatial distribution) [18, 46] | diffusion
/recombination
/attachment/drift
/‘clearing effect’
|
(4)remaining conductivity | remaining streamer channel of a certain conductivity | inhibit the formation of a streamer (shielding effect on E-field)[18, 38] | diffusion
/recombination
/drift
|
(5)metastable and excited species | N2(
), N(2D), (dependent on gas composition)
| (1)super elastic collisions[20, 34-35](2)extra energy gain[20, 34-35](3)reaction with dielectric[47-48] | diffusion
/decay
/loss on wall
|
(6)variation of gas density | cylindrical shock wave nearly with the local sound speed | (1)affect the distribution of memory effect agents
(2)affect the reduced E-field[37] | gas kinetics |
(7)gas heat accumulation | heat released from the discharge energy | affect the reduced E-field[14] | thermal diffusivity |
surface memory effect | (1)surface trapped charges | trapped holes and electrons | (1)distort the surface E-field[49-50](2)guide volume charge carrier drift and motion
(3)released by disturbances and involved in the next streamer [33, 51, 52] | detrapping
/surface conductivity
/surface hopping
/recombination
|
(2)surface destructive aging | carbonization and surface roughness | (1)high surface conductivity[53, 54](2)facilitate the initiation and propagation of surface streamer
| roughly permanent |
(3)surface heat accumulation | heat from discharge energy | (1)surface property degradation [54-55](2)decrease local gas pressure
| thermal diffusivity |