Author Affiliations
1Key Laboratory of River Regulation and Flood Control of Ministry of Water Resources, Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China2State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Study area of the Lower Yellow River with seven hydrological stations: Huayuankou (HYK), Jiahetan (JHT), Gaocun (GC), Sunkou (SK), Aishan (AS), Luokou (LK), and Lijin (LJ)
Fig. 2. Typical cross-sectional profile of Susizhuang measured after the flood season of 1990
Fig. 3. Temporal changes in water and sediment conditions at Huayuankou Station
Fig. 4. Annual average values of cross-sectional parameters of the main channel in different reachesNote: HJ (HYK-JHT), JG (JHT-GC), GS (GC-SK), SA (SK-AS), AL (AS-LK), LL(LK-LL)
Fig. 5. Temporal changes in relative cross-sectional parameters of the main channel in different reaches
Fig. 6. The relationships between area of the main channel with moving average annual discharge for the past 4 years, and SSC in different reaches
Fig. 7. The relationships between width of the main channel with annual moving average discharge for the previous 4 years, and SSC in different reaches
Fig. 8. The relationships between the depth of the main channel with annual moving average discharge for the previous 4 years, and SSC in different reaches
Fig. 9. The relationships between the cross-sectional geomorphic coefficient of the main channel with annual moving average discharge for the previous 4 years, and SSC in different reaches
Fig. 10. Comparison between computed and measured main channel area in different reaches
Fig. 11. Comparison between the computed and the measured main channel widths in different reaches
Fig. 12. Comparison between the computed and the measured main channel depths in different reaches
Fig. 13. Comparison between the computed and the measured main channel geomorphic coefficients in different reaches
Fig. 14. Downstream changes in exponents a and b of the main channel cross-sectional parameters
Fig. 15. Changes in the weighs of the previous water and sediment conditions to the cross-sectional parameters of the main channel downstream
Period | 1961-1964 | 1965-1973 | 1974-1980 | 1981-1985 | 1986-1999 | 2000-2015 |
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Runoff (108 m3) | 582.50 | 430.10 | 391.00 | 503.58 | 279.16 | 254.48 | Sediment Load (108 t) | 7.87 | 13.99 | 10.95 | 9.00 | 6.86 | 0.95 | SSC (kg·m3) | 13.50 | 32.54 | 28.00 | 17.86 | 24.57 | 3.73 | Sediment Coefficient (kg·s·m-6) | 0.0073 | 0.0239 | 0.0226 | 0.0112 | 0.0278 | 0.0046 |
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Table 1. Statistics of incoming water and sediment at Huayuankou Station in different periods
Reach | K | a | b | β | R2 | K | a | b | β | R2 |
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Main channel area A | Main channel width W |
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HYK-GC | 0.69 | 1.34 | -0.40 | 0.42 | 0.89 | 0.05 | 1.50 | -0.12 | 0.35 | 0.86 | GC-SK | 0.75 | 1.28 | -0.38 | 0.40 | 0.86 | 1.13 | 0.93 | -0.04 | 0.34 | 0.86 | SK-AS | 4.40 | 0.97 | -0.21 | 0.37 | 0.89 | 11.12 | 0.57 | -0.02 | 0.34 | 0.80 | AS-LJ | 23.35 | 0.71 | -0.17 | 0.35 | 0.94 | 42.87 | 0.32 | 0.04 | 0.24 | 0.94 | | Main channel depth h | Cross-sectional geomorphic coefficient $\xi $ | HYK-GC | 12.08 | -0.13 | -0.31 | 0.27 | 0.90 | 0.01 | 0.94 | 0.25 | 0.11 | 0.87 | GC-SK | 0.64 | 0.36 | -0.34 | 0.42 | 0.79 | 1.09 | 0.15 | 0.36 | 0.12 | 0.63 | SK-AS | 0.38 | 0.42 | -0.21 | 0.42 | 0.88 | 10.26 | -0.18 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.62 | AS-LJ | 0.45 | 0.43 | -0.23 | 0.45 | 0.86 | 14.53 | -0.29 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.71 |
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Table 2. Values of the coefficient in Equation (4) for the main channel cross-sectional parameters in different reaches