Investigation of human visual cortex responses to flickering light using functional near infrared spectroscopy and constrained ICA

Nguyen Duc Thang; Vo Van Toi; Le Giang Tran; Nguyen Huynh Minh Tam; Lan Anh Trinh

doi:10.1142/s179354581450031x

[1] P. M. Roget, "Explanation of an optical deception in the appearance of the spokes of a wheel seen through vertical apertures," Philis. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 115, 131–140 (1825).

[2] S. Hecht, S. Shlaer, "Intermittent stimulation by light: V. The relation between intensity and critical frequency for different parts of the spectrum," J. Gen. Physiol. 19, 965–979 (1936).

[3] S. L. Machnik, "Visual masking approaches to visual awareness," Prog. Brain Res. 155, 177–215 (2006).

[4] V. V. Toi, C. W. Burckhardt, P. A. Grounauer, "Irregularities in the flicker sensitivity curve," Appl. Opt. 30, 2113–2120 (1991).

[5] H. De Lange, "Research into the dynamic nature of the human fovea-cortex system with intermittent and modulated light," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 48, 777–784 (1958).

[6] C. Sternheim, C. Cavonius, "Sensitivities of the human ERG and VECP to sinusoidally modulated light," Vision Res. 12, 1685–1695 (1972).

[7] V. V. Toi, C. Riva, "Variations of blood flow at optic nerve head induced by sinusoidal flicker stimulation in cats," J. Physiol. (London) 482, 189– 202 (1995).

[8] B. Cleland, C. Enroth-Cugell, "Cat retinal ganglion cell responses to changing light intensities: Sinusoidal modulation in the time domain," Acta Physiol. Scand. 68, 365–381 (1966).

[9] C. Kaufmann, G. K. Elbel, C. Goessl, B. Puetz, D. P. Auer, "Frequency dependence and gender effects in cortical visual processing observed with fMRI using a temporally graded dartboard stimulus," Hum. Brain Imaging 14, 28–38 (2001).

[10] B. Ozus, H. Liu, L. Chen, M. B. Iyer, P. T. Fox, J. Gao, "Rate dependence of human visual cortical response due to brief stimulation: An event-related FMRI study," Magn. Reson. Imaging. 19, 21–25 (2001).

[11] M. A. McIntosh, U. Shahani, R. G. Boulton, D. L. McCulloch, "Absolute quantification of oxygenated hemoglobin within the visual cortex with functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)," Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 51, 4856–4860 (2010).

[12] J. H. Meek, C. E. Elwell, M. J. Khan, "Regional changes in cerebral haemodynamics as a result of a visual stimulus measured by near infrared spectroscopy," Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 261, 351–356 (1995).

[13] H. Kojima, T. Suzuki, "Hemodynamic change in occipital lobe during visual search: Visual attention allocation measured with NIRS," Neuropsychologia 48, 349–352 (2010).

[14] S. Wijeakumar, U. Shahani, W. A. Simpson, D. L. McCulloch, "Localization of hemodynamic responses to simple visual stimulation: An fNIRS study," Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 53, 2266–2273 (2012).

[15] S. M. Liao, N. M. Gregg, B. R. White, B. W. Zeff, K. A. Bjerkaas, T. E. Inder, J. P. Culver, "Neonatal hemodynamic response to visual cortex activity: High-density near-infrared spectroscopy study," J. Biomed. Opt. 15, 026010 (2010).

[16] T. Bridge, "Measuring the haemodynamic responses elicited in the visual cortex from various spatial and temporal frequencies using NIRS," The Plymouth Student Scientist. 5, 94–118 (2012).

[17] V. V. Toi, P. A. Grounauer, "Visual stimulator," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 49, 1403–1406 (1978).

[18] V. D. Calhoun, T. Adali, M. C. Stevens, K. A. Kiehl, J. J. Pekar, "Semi-blind ICA for fMRI: A method for utilizing hypothesis-derived time courses in a spatial ICA analysis," NeuroImage 25, 527–538 (2005).

[19] C. Guignard, V. V. Toi, C. W. Burckhardt, J. L. Schelling, "Sensitivity to the flickering light in digitized patients," Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 15, 189– 196 (1983).

[20] V. V. Toi, C. W. Burckhardt, P. A. Grounauer, "Flicker-fusion perception investigations: Design, modeling and applications," International J. Precision Mach. Med. Eng. Mecha-Optoelectron. 1, 355–376 (1987).

[21] V. V. Toi, "Derivation of a unified transfer function in the theory of flicker," Opt. Lett. 14, 907–909 (1989).

[22] T. Li, H. Gong, Q. Luo, "Visualization of light propagation in visible Chinese Human head for functional near-infrared spectroscopy," J. Biomed. Opt. 16, 045001 (2011).

[23] X. Cui, S. Bray, A. Reiss, "Functional near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) signal improvement based on negative correlation between oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin dynamics," NeuroImage 49, 3039–3046 (2010).

[24] A. Hyv rinen, J. Karhunen, E. Oja, "Independent Component Analysis," John Wiley and Sons (2001).

[25] W. Lu, J. C. Rajapakse, "Approach and applications of constrained ICA," IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. 1, 203–212 (2005).

[26] C. B. Akgul, A. Akin, B. Sankur, "Extraction of cognitive activity-related waveforms from functional near-infrared spectroscopy," Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 44, 945–958 (2006).

[27] N. D. Thang, T. Rasheeda, Y.-K. Lee, S. Lee, T.-S. Kim, "Content-based facial image retrieval using constrained independent component analysis," Inform. Sci. 181, 3162–3174 (2011).

[28] Z.-L. Sun, L. Shang, "An improved constrained ICA with reference based unmixing matrix initialization," Neurocomputing 73, 1013–1017 (2010).

[29] Z. Wang, "Fixed-point algorithms for constrained ICA and their applications in fMRI data analysis," Magn. Reson. Imaging. 29, 1288–1303 (2011).

[30] Q. Zang, G. E. Strangman, G. Ganis, "Adaptive filtering to reduce global interference in non-invasive NIRS measures of brain activation: How well and when does it work ," NeuroImage 25, 527–538 (2005).