Researching

Journals
  • Advanced Photonics
  • Photonics Insights
  • Advanced Photonics Nexus
  • Photonics Research
  • Advanced Imaging
  • View All Journals
  • Chinese Optics Letters
  • High Power Laser Science and Engineering
    • Articles
  • Optics
  • Physics
  • Geography
  • View All Subjects
    • Conferences
  • CIOP
  • HPLSE
  • AP
  • View All Events
    • News
    About CLP
    Search by keywords or author
    Journals >Photonics Research >Volume 11 >Issue 7 >Page 1364 > Article
    • Photonics Research
    • Vol. 11, Issue 7, 1364 (2023)
    Resource-efficient quantum key distribution with integrated silicon photonics
    Kejin Wei1、4、†,*, Xiao Hu2、†, Yongqiang Du1, Xin Hua2、3, Zhengeng Zhao1, Ye Chen1, Chunfeng Huang1, and Xi Xiao2、3、5、*
    Author Affiliations
  • 1Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
  • 2National Information Optoelectronics Innovation Center (NOEIC), Wuhan 430074, China
  • 3State Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Technologies and Networks, China Information and Communication Technologies Group Corporation (CICT), Wuhan 430074, China
  • 4e-mail: kjwei@gxu.edu.cn
  • 5e-mail: xxiao@wri.com.cn
    • show less
    DOI: 10.1364/PRJ.482942 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Kejin Wei, Xiao Hu, Yongqiang Du, Xin Hua, Zhengeng Zhao, Ye Chen, Chunfeng Huang, Xi Xiao. Resource-efficient quantum key distribution with integrated silicon photonics[J]. Photonics Research, 2023, 11(7): 1364 Copy Citation Text show less
    References

    [1] C. H. Bennett, G. Brassard. Quantum cryptography: public key distribution and coin tossing. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computers, Systems and Signal Processing, 175-179(1984).

    [2] S. L. Braunstein, S. Pirandola. Side-channel-free quantum key distribution. Phys. Rev. Lett., 108, 130502(2012).

    [3] H.-K. Lo, M. Curty, B. Qi. Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution. Phys. Rev. Lett., 108, 130503(2012).

    [4] T. Sasaki, Y. Yamamoto, M. Koashi. Practical quantum key distribution protocol without monitoring signal disturbance. Nature, 509, 475-478(2014).

    [5] M. Lucamarini, Z. L. Yuan, J. F. Dynes, A. J. Shields. Overcoming the rate–distance limit of quantum key distribution without quantum repeaters. Nature, 557, 400-403(2018).

    [6] X. Ma, P. Zeng, H. Zhou. Phase-matching quantum key distribution. Phys. Rev. X, 8, 031043(2018).

    [7] M. Curty, K. Azuma, H.-K. Lo. Simple security proof of twin-field type quantum key distribution protocol. npj Quantum Inf., 5, 64(2019).

    [8] X.-B. Wang, Z.-W. Yu, X.-L. Hu. Twin-field quantum key distribution with large misalignment error. Phys. Rev. A, 98, 062323(2018).

    [9] R. Schwonnek, K. T. Goh, I. W. Primaatmaja, E. Y. Z. Tan, R. Wolf, V. Scarani, C. C. W. Lim. Device-independent quantum key distribution with random key basis. Nat. Commun., 12, 2880(2021).

    [10] A. Boaron, G. Boso, D. Rusca, C. Vulliez, C. Autebert, M. Caloz, M. Perrenoud, G. Gras, F. Bussières, M.-J. Li, D. Nolan, A. Martin, H. Zbinden. Secure quantum key distribution over 421 km of optical fiber. Phys. Rev. Lett., 121, 190502(2018).

    [11] A. Boaron, B. Korzh, R. Houlmann, G. Boso, D. Rusca, S. Gray, M.-J. Li, D. Nolan, A. Martin, H. Zbinden. Simple 2.5 GHz time-bin quantum key distribution. Appl. Phys. Lett., 112, 171108(2018).

    [12] F. Grünenfelder, A. Boaron, D. Rusca, A. Martin, H. Zbinden. Performance and security of 5 GHz repetition rate polarization-based quantum key distribution. Appl. Phys. Lett., 117, 144003(2020).

    [13] M. Avesani, L. Calderaro, G. Foletto, C. Agnesi, F. Picciariello, F. B. L. Santagiustina, A. Scriminich, A. Stanco, F. Vedovato, M. Zahidy, G. Vallone, P. Villoresi. Resource-effective quantum key distribution: a field trial in Padua city center. Opt. Lett., 46, 2848-2851(2021).

    [14] J. F. Dynes, A. Wonfor, W. W. S. Tam, A. W. Sharpe, R. Takahashi, M. Lucamarini, A. Plews, Z. L. Yuan, A. R. Dixon, J. Cho, Y. Tanizawa, J. P. Elbers, H. Greißer, I. H. White, R. V. Penty, A. J. Shields. Cambridge quantum network. npj Quantum Inf., 5, 101(2019).

    [15] Y.-A. Chen, Q. Zhang, T.-Y. Chen, W.-Q. Cai, S.-K. Liao, J. Zhang, K. Chen, J. Yin, J.-G. Ren, Z. Chen, S.-L. Han, Q. Yu, K. Liang, F. Zhou, X. Yuan, M.-S. Zhao, T.-Y. Wang, X. Jiang, L. Zhang, W.-Y. Liu, Y. Li, Q. Shen, Y. Cao, C.-Y. Lu, R. Shu, J.-Y. Wang, L. Li, N.-L. Liu, F. Xu, X.-B. Wang, C.-Z. Peng, J.-W. Pan. An integrated space-to-ground quantum communication network over 4,600 kilometres. Nature, 589, 214-219(2021).

    [16] S. Wang, Z. Q. Yin, D. Y. He, W. Chen, R. Q. Wang, P. Ye, Y. Zhou, G. J. Fan-Yuan, F. X. Wang, Y. G. Zhu, P. V. Morozov, A. V. Divochiy, Z. Zhou, G. C. Guo, Z. F. Han. Twin-field quantum key distribution over 830-km fibre. Nat. Photonics, 16, 154-161(2022).

    [17] W.-Z. Liu, Y.-Z. Zhang, Y.-Z. Zhen, M.-H. Li, Y. Liu, J. Fan, F. Xu, Q. Zhang, J.-W. Pan. Toward a photonic demonstration of device-independent quantum key distribution. Phys. Rev. Lett., 129, 050502(2022).

    [18] D. P. Nadlinger, P. Drmota, B. C. Nichol, G. Araneda, D. Main, R. Srinivas, D. M. Lucas, C. J. Ballance, K. Ivanov, E. Y. Z. Tan, P. Sekatski, R. L. Urbanke, R. Renner, N. Sangouard, J. D. Bancal. Experimental quantum key distribution certified by Bell’s theorem. Nature, 607, 682-686(2022).

    [19] W. Zhang, T. van Leent, K. Redeker, R. Garthoff, R. Schwonnek, F. Fertig, S. Eppelt, W. Rosenfeld, V. Scarani, C. C. W. Lim, H. Weinfurter. A device-independent quantum key distribution system for distant users. Nature, 607, 687-691(2022).

    [20] C. Agnesi, M. Avesani, L. Calderaro, A. Stanco, G. Foletto, M. Zahidy, A. Scriminich, F. Vedovato, G. Vallone, P. Villoresi. Simple quantum key distribution with qubit-based synchronization and a self-compensating polarization encoder. Optica, 7, 284-290(2020).

    [21] D. Ma, X. Liu, C. Huang, H. Chen, H. Lin, K. Wei. Simple quantum key distribution using a stable transmitter-receiver scheme. Opt. Lett., 46, 2152-2155(2021).

    [22] J. W. Silverstone, D. Bonneau, J. L. O’Brien, M. G. Thompson. Silicon quantum photonics. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., 22, 390-402(2016).

    [23] J. Wang, F. Sciarrino, A. Laing, M. G. Thompson. Integrated photonic quantum technologies. Nat. Photonics, 14, 273-284(2019).

    [24] F. Raffaelli, G. Ferranti, D. H. Mahler, P. Sibson, J. E. Kennard, A. Santamato, G. Sinclair, D. Bonneau, M. G. Thompson, J. C. Matthews. A homodyne detector integrated onto a photonic chip for measuring quantum states and generating random numbers. Quantum Sci. Technol., 3, 025003(2018).

    [25] S. Gyger, J. Zichi, L. Schweickert, A. W. Elshaari, S. Steinhauer, S. F. Covre da Silva, A. Rastelli, V. Zwiller, K. D. Jöns, C. Errando-Herranz. Reconfigurable photonics with on-chip single-photon detectors. Nat. Commun., 12, 1408(2021).

    [26] F. Beutel, H. Gehring, M. A. Wolff, C. Schuck, W. Pernice. Detector-integrated on-chip QKD receiver for GHz clock rates. npj Quantum Inf., 7, 40(2021).

    [27] F. Beutel, F. Brückerhoff-Plückelmann, H. Gehring, V. Kovalyuk, P. Zolotov, G. Goltsman, W. H. P. Pernice. Fully integrated four-channel wavelength-division multiplexed QKD receiver. Optica, 9, 1121-1130(2022).

    [28] P. Ye, W. Chen, Z.-H. Wang, G.-W. Zhang, Y.-Y. Ding, G.-Z. Huang, Z.-Q. Yin, S. Wang, D.-Y. He, W. Liu, G.-C. Guo, Z.-F. Han. Transmittance-invariant phase modulator for chip-based quantum key distribution. Opt. Express, 30, 39911-39921(2022).

    [29] C. Ma, W. D. Sacher, Z. Tang, J. C. Mikkelsen, Y. Yang, F. Xu, T. Thiessen, H.-K. Lo, J. K. S. Poon. Silicon photonic transmitter for polarization-encoded quantum key distribution. Optica, 3, 1274-1278(2016).

    [30] P. Sibson, C. Erven, M. Godfrey, S. Miki, T. Yamashita, M. Fujiwara, M. Sasaki, H. Terai, M. G. Tanner, C. M. Natarajan, R. H. Hadfield, J. L. O’Brien, M. G. Thompson. Chip-based quantum key distribution. Nat. Commun., 8, 13984(2017).

    [31] D. Bunandar, A. Lentine, C. Lee, H. Cai, C. M. Long, N. Boynton, N. Martinez, C. DeRose, C. Chen, M. Grein, D. Trotter, A. Starbuck, A. Pomerene, S. Hamilton, F. N. C. Wong, R. Camacho, P. Davids, J. Urayama, D. Englund. Metropolitan quantum key distribution with silicon photonics. Phys. Rev. X, 8, 021009(2018).

    [32] T. K. Paraïso, I. De Marco, T. Roger, D. G. Marangon, J. F. Dynes, M. Lucamarini, Z. Yuan, A. J. Shields. A modulator-free quantum key distribution transmitter chip. npj Quantum Inf., 5, 42(2019).

    [33] M. Avesani, L. Calderaro, M. Schiavon, A. Stanco, C. Agnesi, A. Santamato, M. Zahidy, A. Scriminich, G. Foletto, G. Contestabile, M. Chiesa, D. Rotta, M. Artiglia, A. Montanaro, M. Romagnoli, V. Sorianello, F. Vedovato, G. Vallone, P. Villoresi. Full daylight quantum-key-distribution at 1550 nm enabled by integrated silicon photonics. npj Quantum Inf., 7, 93(2021).

    [34] G. Zhang, Z. Zhao, J. Dai, S. Yang, X. Fu, L. Yang. Polarization-based quantum key distribution encoder and decoder on silicon photonics. J. Lightwave Technol., 40, 2052-2059(2021).

    [35] X. Li, L.-L. Wang, J.-S. Zhang, W. Chen, Y. Wang, D. Wu, J.-M. An. Quantum key distribution transmitter chip based on hybrid-integration of silica and lithium niobates. Chin. Phys. B, 31, 064212(2022).

    [36] Y. Ding, D. Bacco, K. Dalgaard, X. Cai, X. Zhou, K. Rottwitt, L. K. Oxenløwe. High-dimensional quantum key distribution based on multicore fiber using silicon photonic integrated circuits. npj Quantum Inf., 3, 25(2017).

    [37] M. Zahidy, Y. Liu, D. Cozzolino, Y. Ding, T. Morioka, L. K. Oxenløwe, D. Bacco. Photonic integrated chip enabling orbital angular momentum multiplexing for quantum communication. Nanophotonics, 11, 821-827(2022).

    [38] G. Zhang, J. Y. Haw, H. Cai, F. Xu, S. M. Assad, J. F. Fitzsimons, X. Zhou, Y. Zhang, S. Yu, J. Wu, W. Ser, L. C. Kwek, A. Q. Liu. An integrated silicon photonic chip platform for continuous-variable quantum key distribution. Nat. Photonics, 13, 839-842(2019).

    [39] L. Cao, W. Luo, Y. X. Wang, J. Zou, R. D. Yan, H. Cai, Y. Zhang, X. L. Hu, C. Jiang, W. J. Fan, X. Q. Zhou, B. Dong, X. S. Luo, G. Q. Lo, Y. X. Wang, Z. W. Xu, S. H. Sun, X. B. Wang, Y. L. Hao, Y. F. Jin, D. L. Kwong, L. C. Kwek, A. Q. Liu. Chip-based measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution using integrated silicon photonic systems. Phys. Rev. Appl., 14, 011001(2020).

    [40] K. Wei, W. Li, H. Tan, Y. Li, H. Min, W.-J. Zhang, H. Li, L. You, Z. Wang, X. Jiang, T.-Y. Chen, S.-K. Liao, C.-Z. Peng, F. Xu, J.-W. Pan. High-speed measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with integrated silicon photonics. Phys. Rev. X, 10, 031030(2020).

    [41] W. Li, V. Zapatero, H. Tan, K. Wei, H. Min, W.-Y. Liu, X. Jiang, S.-K. Liao, C.-Z. Peng, M. Curty, F. Xu, J.-W. Pan. Experimental quantum key distribution secure against malicious devices. Phys. Rev. Appl., 15, 034081(2021).

    [42] X. Zheng, P. Zhang, R. Ge, L. Lu, G. He, Q. Chen, F. Qu, L. Zhang, X. Cai, Y. Lu, S. Zhu, P. Wu, X. Ma. Heterogeneously integrated, superconducting silicon-photonic platform for measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution. Adv. Photon., 3, 055002(2021).

    [43] Q. Liu, Y. Huang, Y. Du, Z. Zhao, M. Geng, Z. Zhang, K. Wei. Advances in chip-based quantum key distribution. Entropy, 24, 1334(2022).

    [44] T. K. Paraïso, T. Roger, D. G. Marangon, I. De Marco, M. Sanzaro, R. I. Woodward, J. F. Dynes, Z. Yuan, A. J. Shields. A photonic integrated quantum secure communication system. Nat. Photonics, 15, 850-856(2021).

    [45] Y. Du, X. Zhu, X. Hua, Z. Zhao, X. Hu, Y. Qian, X. Xiao, K. Wei. Silicon-based decoder for polarization-encoding quantum key distribution. Chip, 2, 100039(2023).

    [46] D. Bacco, I. Vagniluca, B. Da Lio, N. Biagi, A. Della Frera, D. Calonico, C. Toninelli, F. S. Cataliotti, M. Bellini, L. K. Oxenløwe, A. Zavatta. Field trial of a three-state quantum key distribution scheme in the Florence metropolitan area. EPJ Quantum Technol., 6, 5(2019).

    [47] J.-Q. Geng, G.-J. Fan-Yuan, S. Wang, Q.-F. Zhang, Y.-Y. Hu, W. Chen, Z.-Q. Yin, D.-Y. He, G.-C. Guo, Z.-F. Han. Coexistence of quantum key distribution and optical transport network based on standard single-mode fiber at high launch power. Opt. Lett., 46, 2573-2576(2021).

    [48] W. Li, L. Zhang, H. Tan, Y. Lu, S.-K. Liao, J. Huang, H. Li, Z. Wang, H.-K. Mao, B. Yan, Q. Li, Y. Liu, Q. Zhang, C.-Z. Peng, L. You, F. Xu, J.-W. Pan. High rate quantum key distribution exceeding 110 M b s−1. Nat. Photonics, 17, 416-421(2023).

    [49] Y. Han, H. Park, J. Bowers, K. M. Lau. Recent advances in light sources on silicon. Adv. Opt. Photon., 14, 404-454(2022).

    [50] L. Calderaro, A. Stanco, C. Agnesi, M. Avesani, D. Dequal, P. Villoresi, G. Vallone. Fast and simple qubit-based synchronization for quantum key distribution. Phys. Rev. Appl., 13, 054041(2020).

    [51] A. de Lind van Wijngaarden, T. Willink. Frame synchronization using distributed sequences. IEEE Trans. Commun., 48, 2127-2138(2000).

    [52] Y.-Y. Ding, W. Chen, H. Chen, C. Wang, Y.-P. Li, S. Wang, Z.-Q. Yin, G.-C. Guo, Z.-F. Han. Polarization-basis tracking scheme for quantum key distribution using revealed sifted key bits. Opt. Lett., 42, 1023-1026(2017).

    [53] D. Rusca, A. Boaron, F. Grünenfelder, A. Martin, H. Zbinden. Finite-key analysis for the 1-decoy state QKD protocol. Appl. Phys. Lett., 112, 171104(2018).

    [54] Z. Li, K. Wei. Improving parameter optimization in decoy-state quantum key distribution. Quantum Eng., 2022, 9717591(2022).

    [55] X. Liu, M.-Q. Huang, H. Min, G. Jin, X. Jiang, C.-Z. Peng. A 5 GHz and 7.5 V multi-amplitude modulator driving circuit for practical high-speed quantum key distribution. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 91, 024705(2020).

    [56] H. Semenenko, P. Sibson, M. G. Thompson, C. Erven. Interference between independent photonic integrated devices for quantum key distribution. Opt. Lett., 44, 275-278(2019).

    [57] C. Agnesi, B. Da Lio, D. Cozzolino, L. Cardi, B. Ben Bakir, K. Hassan, A. Della Frera, A. Ruggeri, A. Giudice, G. Vallone, P. Villoresi, A. Tosi, K. Rottwitt, Y. Ding, D. Bacco. Hong–Ou–Mandel interference between independent III–V on silicon waveguide integrated lasers. Opt. Lett., 44, 271-274(2019).

    [58] C. Li, M. Curty, F. Xu, O. Bedroya, H.-K. Lo. Secure quantum communication in the presence of phase- and polarization-dependent loss. Phys. Rev. A, 98, 042324(2018).

    [59] C. Huang, Y. Chen, L. Jin, M. Geng, J. Wang, Z. Zhang, K. Wei. Experimental secure quantum key distribution in the presence of polarization-dependent loss. Phys. Rev. A, 105, 012421(2022).

    [60] P. Sibson, J. E. Kennard, S. Stanisic, C. Erven, J. L. O’Brien, M. G. Thompson. Integrated silicon photonics for high-speed quantum key distribution. Optica, 4, 172-177(2017).

    [61] R. Sax, A. Boaron, G. Boso, S. Atzeni, A. Crespi, F. Grünenfelder, D. Rusca, A. Al-Saadi, D. Bronzi, S. Kupijai. High-speed integrated QKD system. arXiv(2022).

    [62] M. Li, L. Wang, X. Li, X. Xiao, S. Yu. Silicon intensity Mach–Zehnder modulator for single lane 100 Gb/s applications. Photon. Res., 6, 109-116(2018).

    [63] D. Chen, M. Liu, Y. Zhang, L. Wang, X. Hu, P. Feng, X. Xiao, S. Yu. C + L band polarization rotator-splitter based on a compact S-bend waveguide mode demultiplexer. Opt. Express, 29, 10949-10957(2021).

    [64] D. Chen, X. Xiao, L. Wang, W. Liu, Q. Yang, S. Yu. Highly efficient silicon optical polarization rotators based on mode order conversions. Opt. Lett., 41, 1070-1073(2016).

    Full Text
    Get PDF
    Figures&Tables (7)
    Equations (3)
    References (64)
    Cited By (6)
    Get Citation
    Copy Citation Text
    Kejin Wei, Xiao Hu, Yongqiang Du, Xin Hua, Zhengeng Zhao, Ye Chen, Chunfeng Huang, Xi Xiao. Resource-efficient quantum key distribution with integrated silicon photonics[J]. Photonics Research, 2023, 11(7): 1364
    Download Citation
    EndNote(RIS)
    BibTex
    Plain Text
    Set citation alerts for the article
    Tools
    Share
    Set citation alerts for the article
    Save the article for my favorites
    Paper Information
    Recommended Topics
    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology