Creating microstructures on sapphire surfaces is key to altering their wettability. The laser-induced plasma etching method offers distinct benefits for crafting these microstructures. This study examines how laser fluence， the distance between the target and sapphire， and scanning speed impact the microgrooves' morphology and geometry on sapphire surfaces using the laser-induced plasma-assisted ablation （LIPAA） technique， employing a controlled variable approach. Further， it explores how LIPAA's processing parameters affect the sapphire's surface contact angle through orthogonal testing. Results indicate that laser scan line spacing most significantly influences the surface contact angle， followed by the target-to-sapphire distance and laser fluence， with scanning speed having the minimal impact. At a laser fluence of 6.3 J/cm²， scan line spacing of 200 μm， target-to-sapphire distance of 150 μm， and scanning speed of 10 mm/s， the sapphire's surface contact angle reached 136°， demonstrating superior hydrophobicity. Conversely， with a laser fluence of 7.4 J/cm²， scan line spacing of 50 μm， target-to-sapphire distance of 100 μm， and scanning speed of 5 mm/s， the surface contact angle was 29°， indicating strong hydrophilicity， which remained stable over time. SEM observations revealed numerous nanoparticles on the sapphire microstructures， which together influence the sapphire's wettability.