Using optical tweezers Raman spectroscopy system to test and compare the Raman spectra of red blood cells (RBCs) between normal human and arrhythmia patients, we find that the overall intensity of some spectral lines of arrhythmia patients becomes weaker, several lines have a displacement, and the low intensity He-Ne laser irradiation has a certain impact on arrhythmia patients red blood cells. According to the diversity of Raman spectra, we further research the changes of the contents in red blood cells and its variation mechanism, and understand the changes of red blood cells′ molecular structure, conformation and composition in different types of arrhythmia disease, and also investigate the pathogenesis of arrhythmia disease by the molecular level.