Based on the Mach-Zehnder (M-Z) interference principle of distributed optical fiber vibration sensor monitoring system, we propose an event recognition method for the vibration of fiber optic cable. This method solves the problem that the common fiber optic vibration sensor monitoring system does not have the pattern recognition intelligence analysis function. Through the analysis of the vibration events, the event recognition model is established. A lot of experimental data are used to classify the vibration events. Through the comparison of the vibration and these events, the vibration event recognition can be realized.