Rattan, belonging to Calamoideae of Palmae, is a multipurpose plant resource found in highly tropical forest, and it is an important non-timber forest product inferior to timber and bamboo, with high economic value and development prospects. There are 13 genera and more than 660 species in the world, of which 4 genera and 37 species of 5 varieties are naturally distributed in China, but there are less than 30 species with high economic value. At present, little is known about the cell structure of rattan, especially the cell wall structure of fiber, which seriously limits the research, processing and utilization of rattan. Therefore, in order to construct the fiber wall structure model of rattan, Plectocomia himalayana was chosen as the research material, and from which samples were cut, softened, embedded with polyethylene glycol and sliced at the base, 2 m, middle and tip respectively. After the slices were soaked in 0.2 mol·L-1 NaBH4 for 5~6 h at room temperature and washed with distilled water, the spectral data were obtained by point-by-point scanning microscopic probe imaging method with the LabRam XploRA microscopic confocal Raman spectrometer. The relative content of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the central layer of secondary wall (S2) of fiber in cortex, middle layer and core at different parts of P. himalayana cane was obtained after the spectral data were processed by LabSpec 5 software, and then the variation of relative content in radial direction and axial direction was also analyzed. The research results show that, in terms of S2 of fiber at 2 m, the relative content of cellulose and hemicellulose is the highest and the relative content of lignin is the lowest in cortex, while the relative content of cellulose and hemicellulose is the lowest and the relative content of lignin is the highest in core, and the relative content of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in middle layer is between that of cortex and core in the radial direction. In the axial direction, the relative content of cellulose and hemicellulose of S2 of fiber in cortex is the highest at 2 m, and that of lignin in tip is the highest. The relative content of cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose of S2 of fiber in core is the highest at the middle, 2 m and base respectively. The cortex and core are the same as cane of rattan, the relative content of cellulose in S2 of fiber is the minimum in the tip, and that of hemicellulose and lignin is the least in the middle. Based on the above analysis, the relative contents of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in S2 of rattan fiber are different in different parts of rattan.