It is important for tea trade of China to improve a method of rapid tea identification. Infrared spectroscopy is used to study the tea based on their “finger character” in the spectral region of 800～3800 cm-1. Four kind of brand tea in China and its principal components have been studied, including Biluochun tea and Tieguanyin tea from different areas, caffcine, epicatechin, glutamic acid and anthocyanic. Contents of components in different kind of tea have been obtained by principal component model analysis from their middle infrared spectroscopy. The results show that the difference among these tea are revealed from the relative content of principal components. The distinguish between Biluochun tea and Tieguanyin tea exhibit the content of effective component, which the former has lower content. Meanwhile, the distinguish among the same kind of tea from different producing area mainly exhibit relative content of epicatechin and caffcine, which tea from original area has relatively higher content. These conclusion has verified the possibility of tea identification by spectral method and has great help for rapid tea identification.