Estimation of time series dynamic thermal radiation of terrain surface is the core section in IR scene simulation. Calculating land surface thermal radiance by heat-transfer Finite Difference Method(FDM) is a physically rigorous method. However, it is limited to the uncertainty of boundary conditions of the difference equation, therefore the method is not widely used in IR scene simulation. A simulation method of time series dynamic thermal radiation of terrain surface based on environmental parameters(illumination, temperature, humidity, etc) was proposed. In this method a closed-loop iterative process was designed according to the variable regulation of geological thermal environment. It could automatically correct the initial temperature profile and bottom boundary thermal radiance, which solved the problem of uncertainty of boundary conditions, and the algorithm accuracy and adaptability were promoted. The outfield experimental results indicate that the absolute error of temperature is less than 2 K, and the relative error of equivalent blackbody radiance is less than 3%. Compared with previous methods, the precision of this method has been improved obviously. The method provides the fundamental module for IR scene simulation. In addition, this method was used to simulate the temporal changes of the thermal radiation distribution on the surface in mountain area, showing its preliminary application effect in infrared scene simulation.