Quantitative evaluation of enhanced laser tattoo removal by skin optical clearing

Caihua Liu; Rui Shi; Min Chen; Dan Zhu

doi:10.1142/s1793545815410072

[1] E. F. Bernstein, "Laser treatment of tattoos," Clin. Dermatol. 24, 43–55 (2006).

[2] W. Clabaugh, "Removal of tattoos by superficial dermabrasion," Arch. Dermatol. 98, 515–521 (1968).

[3] W. A. Koerber, N. M. Price, "Salabrasion of tattoos," Arch. Dermatol. 114, 884–888 (1978).

[4] E. Dvir, B. Hirshowitz, "Tattoo removal by cryosurgery," Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 66, 373–379 (1980).

[5] G. B. Colver, G. W. Cherry, R. P. Dawber, T. J. Ryan, "Tattoo removal using infrared coagulation," Br. J. Dermatol. 112, 481–485 (1985).

[6] D. B. Apfelberg, M. R. Maser, H. Lash, "Argon laser treatment of decorative tattoos," Br. J. Plast. Surg. 32, 141–144 (1979).

[7] R. E. Fitzpatrick, J. N. Ruiz-Esparza, M. P. Goldman, "The depth of thermal necrosis using the CO2 laser: A comparison of the superpulsed mode and conventional modes," J. Dermatol. Surg. Oncol. 17, 340–344 (1991).

[8] K. Burris, K. Kim, "Tattoo removal," Clin. Dermatol. 25, 388–392 (2007).

[9] C. R. Taylor, R. W. Gange, J. S. Dover, T. J. Flotte, E. Gonzalez, N. Michaud, R. R. Anderson, "Treatment of tattoos by Q-switched ruby laser. A dose-response study," Arch. Dermatol. 126, 893– 899 (1990).

[10] B. M. Prinz, S. R. Vavricka, P. Graf, G. Burg, R. Dummer, "Efficacy of laser treatment of tattoos using lasers emitting wavelengths of 532 nm, 755 nm and 1064 nm," Br. J. Dermatol. 150, 245–251 (2004).

[11] W. Baumler, E. T. Eibler, U. Hohenleutner, B. Sens, J. Sauer, M. Landthaler, "Q-switch laser and tattoo pigments: First results of the chemical and photophysical analysis of 41 compounds," Lasers Surg. Med. 26, 13–21 (2000).

[12] V. Ross, G. Naseef, G. Lin, M. Kelly, N. Michaud, T. J. Flotte, J. Raythen, R. R. Anderson, "Comparison of responses of tattoos to picosecond and nanosecond Q-switched neodymium: YAG lasers," Arch. Dermatol. 134, 167–171 (1998).

[13] E. F. Bernstein, R. J. McNichols, M. A. Fox, A. Gowda, S. Tuya, B. Bell, M. Motamedi, "Temporary dermal scatter reduction: Quantitative assessment and implications for improved laser tattoo removal," Lasers Surg. Med. 36, 289–296 (2005).

[14] A. Klein, I. Rittmann, K. A. Hiller, M. Landthaler, W. B umler, "An internet-based survey on characteristics of laser tattoo removal and associated side effects," Lasers Med. Sci. 29, 729–738 (2014).

[15] J. Handley, "Adverse events associated with nonablative cutaneous visible and infrared laser treatment", J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 55, 482–389 (2006).

[16] E. A. Genina, A. N. Bashkatov, V. V. Tuchin, G. B. Altshuler, I. V. Yaroslavski, "Possibility of increasing the efficiency of laser-induced tattoo removal by optical skin clearing," Quantum Electron. 38, 580– 587 (2008).

[17] V. V. Tuchin, "Optical clearing of tissues and blood using the immersion method," J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 38, 2497–2518 (2005).

[18] C. Liu, Z. Zhi, V. V. Tuchin, Q. Luo, D. Zhu, "Enhancement of skin optical clearing efficacy using photo-irradiation," Lasers Surg. Med. 42, 132–140 (2010).

[19] D. Zhu, K. V. Larin, Q. Luo, V. V. Tuchin, "Recent progress in tissue optical clearing," Laser Photonics Rev. 7, 732–757 (2013).

[20] M. H. Khan, S. Chess, B. Choi, K. M. Kelly, J. S. Nelson, "Can topically applied optical clearing agents increase the epidermal damage threshold and enhance therapeutic efficacy ," Lasers Surg. Med. 35, 93–95 (2004).

[21] D. Zhu, J. Wang, Z. Zhi, X. Wen, Q. Luo, "Imaging dermal blood flow through the intact rat skin with an optical clearing method," J. Biomed. Opt. 15, 026008 (2010).

[22] H. Kato, J. Araki, H. Eto, K. Doi, R. Hirai, S. Kuno, T. Higqshino, K. Yoshimura, "A prospective randomized controlled study of oral tranexamic acid for preventing postinflammatory hyperpigmentation after Q-switched ruby laser," Dermatol. Surg. 37, 605–610 (2011).

[23] K. Yoshimura, K. Harii, Y. Masuda, M. Takahashi, T. Aoyama, T. Iga, "Usefulness of a narrow-band reflectance spectrophotometer in evaluating effects of depigmenting treatment," Aesthet. Plast. Surg. 25, 129–133 (2001).

[24] L. Wang, S. L. Jacques, L. Zheng, "MCML-Monte Carlo modeling of light transport in multi-layered tissues," Comput. Methods Prog. Biol. 47, 131–146 (1995).

[25] C. Jiang, H. He, P. Li, Q. Luo, "Graphics processing unit cluster accelerated Monte Carlo simulation of photon transport in multi-layered tissues," J. Innov. Opt. Health Sci. 5, 1250004 (2012).

[26] D. D. Royston, R. S. Poston, S. A. Prahl, "Optical properties of scattering and absorbing materials used in the development of optical phantoms at 1064 nm," J. Biomed. Opt. 1, 110–116 (1996).

[27] A. N. Bashkatov, Genina E. A., V. V. Tuchin, G. B. Altshuler, I. V. Yaroslavsky, "Monte Carlo study of skin optical clearing to enhance light penetration in the tissue: Implications for photodynamic therapy of acne vulgaris," Proc. SPIE 7022, 702209-1 (2008).

[28] T. T. Yu, X. Wen, V. V. Tuchin, Z. Dan, "Quantitative analysis of dehydration in porcine skin for assessing mechanism of optical clearing," J. Biomed. Opt. 16, 095002 (2011).

[29] S. L. Kilmer, M. S. Lee, J. M. Grevelink, T. J. Flotte, R. R. Anderson, "The Q-switched Nd:YAG laser effectively treats tattoos. A controlled, doseresponse study," Arch. Dermatol. 129, 971–978 (1993).

[30] X. Wen, Z. Z. Mao, Z. Z. Han, D. Zhu, "In vivo skin optical clearing by glycerol solutions: Mechanism," J. Biophotonics 3, 44–52 (2010).

[31] J. Hirshburg, B. Choi, J. S. Nelson, A. T. Yeh, "Collagen solubility correlates with skin optical clearing," J. Biomed. Opt. 11, 040501 (2006).

[32] C. D. Mills, "M1 and M2 macrophages: Oracles of health and disease," Crit. Rev. Immunol. 32, 463– 488 (2012).