Author Affiliations
1Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing Information Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China2College of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Sand land target of Baotou site and automatic observation system. (a) Sentinel-2 scene of sand land target; (b) automatic observing system; (c) CE318 sun photometer
Fig. 2. TOA reflectance observed by Sentinel-2 over sand target from 2017 to 2020
Fig. 3. Atmospheric parameters at the time of Sentinel-2 satellite overpass Baotou site
Fig. 4. Flow chart of the satellite on-orbit radiometric calibration method based on TOA reflectance product over Baotou site
Fig. 5. TOA reflectance observed by Landsat-8 over Baotou site sand target from 2017 to 2020
Fig. 6. Model simulated TOA reflectance and Sentinel-2 observed TOA reflectance. (a)--(i) Band 1--band 8A, respectively
Fig. 7. Relative error between model simulated TOA reflectance and Sentinel-2 observed TOA reflectance
Fig. 8. Spectral response function of Sentinel-2. (a) Sentinel-2A; (b) Sentinel-2B
Fig. 9. TOA reflectance spectral correction coefficient (8 d)
Fig. 10. Relative error between TOA reflectance products (with and without correction) and Sentinel-2 TOA reflectance
ChannelNo. | S2A | S2B | Spatialresolution /m |
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Central wavelengthλ /nm | Bandwidth /nm | Central wavelengthλ /nm | Bandwidth /nm |
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B1 | 443.9 | 27 | 442.3 | 45 | 60 | | B2 | 496.6 | 98 | 492.1 | 98 | 10 | | B3 | 560.0 | 45 | 559.0 | 46 | 10 | | B4 | 664.5 | 38 | 665.0 | 39 | 10 | | B5 | 703.9 | 19 | 703.8 | 20 | 20 | | B6 | 740.2 | 18 | 739.1 | 18 | 20 | | B7 | 782.5 | 28 | 779.7 | 28 | 20 | | B8 | 835.1 | 145 | 833.0 | 133 | 10 | | B8A | 864.8 | 33 | 864.0 | 32 | 20 | |
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Table 1. Chosen spectral bands of Sentinel-2 sensor (S2A & S2B)
ChannelNo. | Coefficient |
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a | b | c |
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B1 | -0.0394 | -1.34×10-4 | 0.2060 | B2 | -0.0225 | -9.33×10-5 | 0.1860 | B3 | 0.0027 | -6.77×10-5 | 0.1919 | B4 | 0.0050 | -4.63×10-5 | 0.2527 | B5 | -0.0070 | -3.52×10-5 | 0.2767 | B6 | 0.0038 | -5.52×10-5 | 0.2859 | B7 | 0.0147 | -6.54×10-5 | 0.2956 | B8 | -0.0006 | -3.97×10-5 | 0.2989 | B8A | 0.0182 | -6.71×10-5 | 0.3025 |
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Table 2. Fitting coefficient of empirical model of each band
Channel No. | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | B8 | B8A |
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Average relative error /% | 0.81 | 0.76 | -0.06 | -0.31 | 0.17 | 0.42 | -1.17 | 0.54 | 0.06 | STD of relative error /% | 2.95 | 2.62 | 1.46 | 1.44 | 1.88 | 1.43 | 1.55 | 1.59 | 1.38 |
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Table 3. Relative error statistic between model simulated TOA reflectance and Sentinel-2 observed TOA reflectance
Channel No. | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | B8 | B8A |
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Average relative error /% | without | 4.80 | 0.78 | 1.96 | 2.78 | 4.66 | 4.34 | 6.13 | 4.00 | 5.68 | | with | -0.55 | -1.45 | -0.06 | -0.06 | -0.04 | -0.56 | -0.84 | -1.82 | 0.07 | STD of relative error /% | without | 5.02 | 5.57 | 5.69 | 5.74 | 5.68 | 5.89 | 5.86 | 5.91 | 5.88 | | with | 2.99 | 2.54 | 1.51 | 1.46 | 1.80 | 1.43 | 1.52 | 1.17 | 1.35 |
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Table 4. Relative error statistic between TOA reflectance products (with and without correction) and Sentinel-2 TOA reflectance