The background characteristics, materials characteristics, structure characteristics and orbit characteristics of the satellite are comprehensively considered to study the influence of motion status of satellite on its multispectral optical characteristics. The motion status of the satellite can be classified into spin-stabilized, three-axis stabilized and “tumbling” status. Based on optical radiation theory, the calculation model of multispectral characteristics of satellites is built for three kinds of motion status combined with the performance parameters of the detector. Taking HY-1 satellite and SJ-2 satellite as examples, the simulation on influence of motion status on multispectral optical characteristics of satellites is made. The results show that satellites with different motion status exhibit remarkable different multispectral characteristics, which provides a certain reference for detection and identification of satellites.