In this paper, a patch-antenna-array enhanced quantum cascade detector with freely switchable operating modes among mid-wave, long-wave, and dual-color was proposed and discussed. The dual-color absorption occurs in a single active region through an optimized coupled miniband diagonal-transition subbands arrangement, and a successful separation of the operation regimes was realized by two nested antenna arrays with different patch sizes up to room temperature. At 77 K, the 5.7-μm channel achieved a peak responsivity of 34.6 mA/W and exhibited a detectivity of 2.0×1010 Jones, while the 10.0-μm channel achieved a peak responsivity of 87.5 mA/W, giving a detectivity of 5.0×1010 Jones. Under a polarization modulation of the incident light, the minimum cross talk of the mid-wave and the long-wave operating modes was 1:22.5 and 1:7.6, respectively. This demonstration opens a new prospect for multicolor infrared imaging chip integration technology.