Disorders of gastrointestinal (GI) motility are associated with various symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and constipation. However, the underlying causes of impaired GI motility remain unclear, which has led to variation in the efficacy of therapies to treat GI dysfunction. Optogenetics is a novel approach through which target cells can be precisely controlled by light and has shown great potential in GI motility research. Here, we summarized recent studies of GI motility patterns utilizing optogenetic devices and focused on the ability of opsins, which are genetically expressed in different types of cells in the gut, to regulate the excitability of target cells. We hope that our review of recent findings regarding optogenetic control of GI cells broadens the scope of application for optogenetics in GI motility studies.