In the field of industry, the technology of direct part marking with traceability has been paid more and more attention. However, many product components have requirements of size restriction for direct part marking, thus the information storage capacity has been restricted. In order to improve the data storage density of direct part marking, the concept of color two-dimensional barcode is introduced into the technology of direct part marking, and the color Data Matrix two-dimensional barcodes are designed by direct part marking. The laser marking experiment of color two-dimensional barcodes on titanium alloy materials are carried out with nanosecond laser marking equipment, and the laser marking of color two-dimensional barcodes are successfully implemented, and barcodes’ qualities are evaluated. In order to further verify the reliability of barcodes, the images of two-dimensional barcodes marked by laser are collected for choosing whether to carry out barcode reconstruction before information extraction according to the evaluation results to verify barcodes information. The verification results prove that the processed color Data Matrix two-dimensional barcodes are reliable, and the color direct part marking technology is feasible, which can be promoted and applied in the field of industrial direct part marking.