• Chinese Journal of Lasers
  • Vol. 49, Issue 5, 0507101 (2022)
Buhong Li1、*, Tianlong Chen1, Li Lin1, Bing Chen2, Haixia Qiu3, and Ying Gu3
Author Affiliations
  • 1MOE Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China
  • 2Fuzhou Tucsen Photonics Co., Ltd., Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
  • 3Department of Laser Medicine, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
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    DOI: 10.3788/CJL202249.0507101 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Buhong Li, Tianlong Chen, Li Lin, Bing Chen, Haixia Qiu, Ying Gu. Recent Progress in Photodynamic Therapy: From Fundamental Research to Clinical Applications[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2022, 49(5): 0507101 Copy Citation Text show less
    PDT-relative publications
    Fig. 1. PDT-relative publications
    Main research topics in PDT
    Fig. 2. Main research topics in PDT
    Novel photosensitizers for PDT
    Fig. 3. Novel photosensitizers for PDT
    Irradiation sources for PDT
    Fig. 4. Irradiation sources for PDT
    Approaches against hypoxia during PDT treatment
    Fig. 5. Approaches against hypoxia during PDT treatment
    Synergistic strategies for enhanced PDT
    Fig. 6. Synergistic strategies for enhanced PDT
    Three key components in PDT
    Fig. 7. Three key components in PDT
    Clinical PDT treatment for different diseases
    Fig. 8. Clinical PDT treatment for different diseases
    Monitoring dosimetric parameters for pre-,during-,and post-PDT
    Fig. 9. Monitoring dosimetric parameters for pre-,during-,and post-PDT
    GenerationPhotosensitizerIndicationState
    FirstPhotofrin® (Porfimer sodium)Esophageal cancer, lung cancer, microinvasive endobronchial cancer, gastric and papillary bladder, cervical dysplasia, and cancerClinically approved
    HiPorfinEsophageal cancer, lung cancer, bladder cancer, oral cancer, and skin cancer
    HemoporfinPort wine stain
    SecondFoscan® (Temoporfin)Approved: head and neck cancerClinically approved
    Preclinical testing: breast and pancreatic cancer
    Visudyne® (Verteporfin)Age-related macular degeneration
    Laserphyrin®/NPe6/Talaporfin (Chlorin m-THPC)Approved: early lung cancer
    Clinical trials: hepatocellular cancer and liver metastasis
    Levulan® (Protoporphyrin)Actinic keratosis
    Metvix®/Metvixia® (Protoporphyrin)Actinic keratosis and basal cell carcinoma
    Photochlor (HPPH)BCC, lung, head, and neck cancers
    Ameluz®/Levulan®(5-ALA)Approved: actinic keratosis
    Clinical trials: brain
    5-ALACondyloma acuminatum
    Tookad® (Pheophorbides)Prostate cancer
    Redaporfin®Biliary tract cancer, head, and neck
    Purlytin®Metastatic breast, cancer, AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma, and basal cell carcinomasUnder clinical trials
    Lutrin® and Lutex® (metalloporphyrins)Clinicaltrials: recurrent prostate cancer and cervical cancer
    Preclinical testing: recurrent breast cancer
    PhotrexAge-related macular degeneration
    AntrinCoronary artery disease
    FotolonNasopharyngeal and sarcoma
    RadachlorinSkin diseases
    HypericinBladder cancer and nasopharyngeal cancer
    Chalcogenopyrylium dyesProstate cancer, breast cancer, and colon cancer
    Phenothiazinium dye-methylene BlueBladder cancer, colon cancer, and AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma
    Phenothiazinium dye-Nile blue and derivativesAIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma and T-cell leukemia
    Phenothiazinium dye-toluidine BlueBladder cancer and mouse mammary sarcoma
    CyaninesLeukemia and lymphoma
    ADPM06Breast cancer and mouse lung cancer
    PhotocynineEsophageal carcinoma
    DVDMSEsophageal cancer
    ThirdFunctional photosensitizerBeing developed
    Table 1. Photosensitizers with clinical approval or under clinical trials
    Irradiation sourceMechanical waveX-rayUVVisible light (400700 nm)NIR-Ⅰ (700900 nm)NIR-Ⅱ (10001700 nm)
    Day-light
    Broad-spectrum lamp
    Laser
    LED
    Self-excitation source
    X-ray source
    Acoustic wave source
    Table 2. Irradiation sources for PDT and their wavelengths
    Dosimetry modelDosimetric factorOptical technique
    Explicit dosimetryPhotosensitizerAbsorbanceAbsorption spectroscopy
    Concentration/distributionFluorescence spectroscopy
    Hyperspectral imaging
    Irradiation lightFluence rateFlat and isotropic detectors
    Fluence
    Molecule oxygenOxygen saturationDiffuse optical spectroscopy
    Spatial frequency domain imaging
    Oxygen partial pressureOxygen-sensitive probes
    Implicit dosimetryPhotosensitizer photobleachingConcentration/distributionFluorescence spectroscopy
    Delayed fluorescence
    Biological responseCell deathApoptosisMolecular biomarkers
    Necrosis
    Paraptosis
    Autophagy
    Vascular damageBlood flowLaser Doppler flowmetry
    Laser Doppler imaging
    Laser speckle imaging
    Doppler OCT
    Photoacoustic imaging
    Blood vessel diameterOptical coherence tomography
    Spatial frequency domain imaging
    Reflectance confocal microscopy
    Immune modulationMolecular biomarkers
    Other indicatorNADH fluorescenceFluorescence lifetime imaging
    Direct dosimetrySinglet oxygenConcentration/distribution,Time-resolved luminescence
    Chemical probes
    Table 3. Optical techniques for monitoring dosimetric parameters in PDT
    Buhong Li, Tianlong Chen, Li Lin, Bing Chen, Haixia Qiu, Ying Gu. Recent Progress in Photodynamic Therapy: From Fundamental Research to Clinical Applications[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2022, 49(5): 0507101
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