The molecularly imprinted polymers were synthesized using diazepam as the template and molecularly imprinted films (MIF) prepared on screen printed electrodes (SPE). The binding mechanism and recognition characteristics of the molecularly imprinted polymers were studied by ultraviolet (UV) spectra and infrared (IR) spectra. In addition, a conductimetric sensor for diazepam was established preliminarily based on diazepam MIF modified SPE. The results of UV spectra indicated that template molecules and functional monomers had formed 1∶2 hydrogen bonding complexes; the results of IR spectra showed that there were some functional groups in the molecularly imprintedpolymers which could interact with the template molecules. The molecularly imprinted polymers manifested highly recognition to diazepam. The response of the conductimetric sensor to the concentration of diazepam displayed a linear correlation over a range of 0.04 to 0.62 mg·L-1 with a detection limit of 0.008 mg·L-1. The sensor is suitable for on-the-spot detection of diazepam.