XRD and NIR techniques were used to analyze the seven oxide sample particles in the lower sub-group oxidized ore of the Dabaoshan dong Gangling Formation. The first four samples were of the same elevation and the latter three samples were of different elevations. XRD and NIR results show that as the degree of oxidation deepens (04-2→04-3→04-4), the wavelength corresponding to the absorption peak of Al—OH mineral increases continuously (2 16072→2 16305→2 20036 nm). It is indicated that the cationic Al in the mineral is substituted, resulting in an Al-poor phenomenon; and the corresponding peak intensity is from 708×10-4, 783×10-3 to 666×10-2, which indicates that the content of Al—OH minerals is increasing; in addition, the intensity of the absorption peak corresponding to SO2-4 mineral (1 93880→1 94694→1 92647 nm) is from 5635×10-2, 182×10-2 to 1668×10-2. It is indicated that the content of SO2-4 minerals decreases with the progress of oxidation. Combined with previous studies, we can speculate that the early formation of copper polymetallic sulphide deposits will undergo strong oxidation in the later stage, causing the sulfide ore bodies to oxidize. Oxidation forms a strongly acidic sulfuric acid solution, and the surrounding rock is corroded by a sulfuric acid solution to convert it into loose clay; Sodiumalumite and potassium alumite were found in samples 04-2, 04-3, 13-1. A large number of strontium minerals indicate that the oxidative leaching of the ore is still ongoing; Minerals such as quartz, sericite, calcite, epidote, hornblende, tremolite, phlogopite, chlorite, kaolin, etc. have been discovered by XRD and NIR techniques, which reflect the type of alteration, and the geological features of the area are consistent. At present, near-infrared spectroscopy has been used for alteration mapping in mineral deposit exploration. In this paper, the relationship between the deep oxidation process of the deposit and the cation substitution was discovered by means of spectroscopy, and the interpretation of the genesis of the Dabaoshan deposit was verified by the spectroscopy. The results of this paper show that on the one hand, XRD and NIR can effectively analyze the mineral composition of soil and rock, and provide services for the ore deposit research in this area. On the other hand, NIR can reflect the ion transfer and the sharpness of the peak reflects the crystallization. The intensity of the peak reflects the mineral content, and these unique advantages make it possible to study the oxidation of minerals from a microscopic point of view. However, there is one point that needs to be pointed out. Compared with the research of NIR and X-ray diffraction in other fields, the application of these two technologies in geology needs to be further deepened, including the theoretical basis for the application to geology research and analysis and interpretation of the spectrum, in order to not only analyze the corresponding mineral types by spectroscopy, but also quickly analyze the content of different minerals and different configurations of the same mineral.