Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SDOCT) and air jet indentation technology were combined to assess the corneal biomechanical properties. A corneal mold was designed to make eight different stiffness phantoms with the thermal forming method. The Intraocular Pressure (IOP) of phantom was regulated through a medicine flask and measured by a pressure sensor. The air jet excitation was applied to the cornea, and the corneal dynamic deformation was recorded to obtain corneal deformation parameter: maximum Deformation Amplitude (DA) with the OCT. Then the corneal stiffness coefficient (k) was calculated to represent the corneal biomechanical properties. The correlation of stiffness coefficient and Young's modulus measured by traditional strip extensiometry was analyzed and the accuracy of OCT based air jet indentation was assessed through the analysis of repeatability and consistency. The experimental results show that the central thicknesses of corneal phantoms are (504.12±17.04) μm and the Young's modules of corneal phantoms range from 90 to 1 400 kPa. Moreover, there is a positive correlation between the corneal stiffness and the IOP. The experiment at the same IOP shows that it is a high repeatability for three time measurements of corneal phantom by the OCT based air jet indentation system, in which the value of ICC is 0.992 6. The measurements of DA by observers A and B are high consistency(the Difference is 1.1 μm). The k value also exhibits a linear relationship with the Young's modulus measured by the strip extensiometry (r=0.99, P<0.001). In conclusion, this technology provides a potential non-invasive means for the assessment of corneal biomechanical properties.